Interview Questions.

Q1. What Functions Does A Data Dictionary Perform?

In a records control system, the primary functions finished by the information dictionary are:

Management of data definitions

Provision of records for evaluation

Support for software program development

Support form documentation

Ensuring that the records definitions are bendy and up to date.

Q2. What Is A Projection View?

In wellknown SAP tables you could find there are a number of fields. Sometimes it happens or there is a requirement of viewing best a fewer no of fields of a table, in such cases a projection view can be created. Projection perspectives are created simplest on a unmarried desk.

For instance, if Table T1 has fields F1,F2,F3,F4,F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, and many others…

Say there is a need to view statistics best for say Fields F1, F2, F4,F8 & F9, in such instances projection view can be created.

Q3. What Are The Two Methods Of Modifying Sap Standard Tables?

Append Structures and

Customizing Includes.

Q4. What Are The Two Ways For Restricting The Value Range For A Domain?

By specifying constant values.

By stipulating a cost desk.

Q5. What Do You Mean By Transparent Tables In Sap Abap?

Whenever a table is created and described via ABAP Dictionary, then it is called a transparent desk. When the desk is activated in ABAP Dictionary, a desk robotically gets created in the underlying database with the identical call as was described in ABAP Dictionary. 

So usually we are saying, transparent tables has one to one relationship with underlying database which means that there may be most effective one physical table at the database for each obvious table created and described through ABAP Dictionary. 

The names of the desk and fields in underlying database will correspond or have the same names as the logical table definition in the ABAP Dictionary.

Transparent tables may be used to save utility facts which encompass master facts in addition to transaction information. Transparent tables are possibly the most effective form of table that you'll ever create as a developer.

Q6. Which Objects Are Independent Transport Objects?

Domains, Data factors, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transparent tables, Structures, Views, Matchcode items, Matchcode IDs, Lock objects.

Q7. What Is The Significance Of Delivery Class?

The shipping elegance controls the diploma to which the SAP or the client is responsible for desk protection whether or not SAP gives the table with or without contents.

Determines the table kind. - determines how the desk behaves while it is first mounted, at improve, while it's far transported, and when a consumer replica is carried out.

Q8. What Is An Update Type With Reference To A Match Code Id?

If the information in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID modifications, the matchcode records needs to be updated. The update type stipulates while the matchcode is to be up to date and the way it is to be done. The update type also specifies which technique is for use for Building matchcodes . You have to specify the replace type whilst you define a matchcode ID.

Q9. What Is A Table Cluster?

A desk cluster combines several logical tables within the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows from unique cluster tables are delivered collectively in a single bodily record. The records from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are accordingly saved in a unmarried not unusual table within the database.

Q10. How Many Types Of Views Are There ?

Database View (SE11): Database views are implement an internal join, this is, most effective statistics of the number one table (selected through the be a part of operation) for which the corresponding statistics of the secondary tables also exist are fetched. Inconsistencies between primary and secondary desk should, therefore, result in a reduced choice set. In database views, the be part of situations may be formulated the use of equality relationships between any base fields. In the other forms of view, they must be taken from existing foreign keys. That is, tables can best be amassed in a renovation or assist view if they are linked to one another thru overseas keys.

 Help View ( SE54): Help views are used to output extra statistics while the net assist machine is known as. When the F4 button is pressed for a screen subject, a check is first made on whether or not a matchcode is described for this field. If this isn't always the case, the assist view is displayed wherein the check desk of the field is the number one desk. Thus, for every desk no a couple of help view can be created, this is, a desk can simplest be number one table in at most one assist view.

 Projection View: Projection perspectives are used to suppress or masks positive fields in a table (projection), accordingly minimizing the number of interfaces. This way that handiest the facts this is actually required is exchanged while the database is accessed. A projection view can draw upon simplest one desk. Selection conditions can not be certain for projection views.

Maintenance View ( SE54 ): Maintenance views permit a enterprise-oriented technique to looking at facts, even as on the same time, making it feasible to hold the records concerned. Data from several tables may be summarized in a protection view and maintained together via this view. That is, the records is entered through the view and then distributed to the underlying tables by means of the system.

Q11. What Is A Database View?

The database view is combining numerous fields of  or extra tables into single table. At least one dating is required is needed to mix tables to build a database view. Plus you could only examine facts from database view and can not adjust the records inside the view without delay (if view includes multiple table). Database views put in force an Inner Join on the tables. The database view is the best kind of view in SAP that is bodily created on the database stage. 

For instance, consider two tables T1, T2.

Fields of desk T1 are F1, F2 and F@Fields of desk T2 are F1, F5.

By the usage of a Database view it is easy to combine the fields of both tables T1 and T2, furnished primary and overseas key relation is maintained among the 2 tables and hence very last view may have fields like F1, F2, F3, F5.

Q12. What Are The Basic Objects Of The Data Dictionary?

Tables

Domains

Data elements

Structures

Foreign keys

Q13. Can You Define A Field Without A Data Element?

Yes. Use the direction Utilities – > Direct Entry Type

Q14. What Are The Objects Of The Abap Dictionary Or What Types Of Objects Can Be Created In The Abap Dictionary?

The simple gadgets of the ABAP Dictionary are tables, information elements and domain names. Objects that can be created in the ABAP Dictionary or thru SE11 transaction are:

Tables

Data Elements

Structures

Table Types

Type Groups

Domains

Views

Search Helps

Lock Objects

Q15. What Is The Maximum Number Of Structures That Can Be Included In A Table Or Structure?

Nine.

Q16. What Are Data Classes? What Are The Various Data Classes Available For Selection?

The facts magnificence indicates a physical location in an underlying database in which the table is logically saved. Also it throws mild on what form of statistics might be stored within the desk. Data elegance helps us to categorize the desk on the basis of sort of records stored.

There are three critical facts training

APPL0 - Master facts - Master information is records that is often read, but rarely up to date.

APPL1 - Transaction records - Transaction facts is facts that is frequently updated.

APPL2 - Organizational and customizing statistics - Organizational und customizing statistics is records that is described when the system is initialized and then hardly ever modified.

Q17. What Is A View In Sap?

A view is sort of a telescope which simply offers a picture of something. You can construct a view with unique lenses or filters to permit you to examine one or more dictionary tables. You can have a look at components of one table (decided on facts and/or fields) or combinations of tables and components of tables. A view is an ABAP Dictionary object. In easy words, a View genuinely mirrors a whole database desk. A view might just appear like a table and act much like a table – however it is not actually a desk.

A view does no longer comprise data of its personal - alternatively, the view affords specialized get admission to to the records that exists in other tables. For this motive, views are regularly called virtual tables. Views are used to investigate one or greater tables. A view does now not include statistics of its personal.

Views combines multiple desk. The structure of the view is described within the ABAP Dictionary. With the assist of views, utility-established view can be defined that combines the data.

Data approximately an application item (like Purchase order, Sales Order, Invoice Verification, and many others.) is regularly disbursed on several database tables. By defining a view, you could define an software-structured view that combines this records. The structure of this type of view is defined by way of specifying the tables and fields used within the view. Fields that aren't required may be hidden, thereby minimizing interfaces. A view can be used in ABAP programs for data selection.

Q18. What Is A Size Category?

The Size class describes the possibly space requirement of the desk in the database.

Q19. What Is Abap Dictionary Or Data Dictionary? What Is The Transaction To Access Abap Dictionary?

A information dictionary is a centralized storage vicinity for statistics approximately the statistics that is saved in a database. It is essentially an interface which helps us to recognize like what kind of statistics is saved in database, what are the properties and attributes of the statistics and the relation between extraordinary information gadgets available in database.

SAP’s records dictionary is referred to as the ABAP Dictionary. ABAP Dictionary is accessed via transaction code SE11.

Q20. What Is An Abap Dictionary?

ABAP dictionary is a relevant data control device. Its predominant feature is to assist the creation and control of statistics definitions.

Q21. What Are Control Tables?

The values unique for the size class and records elegance are mapped to database-particular values through manipulate tables.

Q22. How Can We Set The Tablespaces And Extent Sizes?

You can specify the volume sizes and the tablespace (bodily garage area in the database) in which a transparent desk is to be saved by means of placing the scale category and facts elegance.

Q23. What Is A Help View?

Help perspectives can be used as choice methods for Search Helps. It might be essential to create a Help View if you are trying to perform an outer be a part of, on the grounds that database perspectives handiest create inner joins.

Q24. What Is The Significance Of Technical Settings (detailed While Creating A Table In The Data Dictionary)?

By specifying technical settings we will manipulate how database tables are created in the database. The technical settings allows us to - optimize storage space necessities

table get entry to behaviour

buffering required

modifications to entries logged

Q25. What Do You Mean By Pooled Tables In Sap Abap? Also Explain What Do You Mean By Table Pool?

Tables in Data dictionary which has many to one dating with an underlying database desk is referred to as Pooled desk. In simple phrases, Pooled tables seem as many tables in ABAP dictionary, but the thing is they may be saved as a single table inside the underlying database.

In ABAP Dictionary, you can see every and every pooled desk is assigned to a Table Pool.

As it is understood that for lots pooled tables in ABAP dictionary, there's a single desk known as as Table Pool in an underlying database. A Table Pool is an underlying database table with a special shape that permits the facts of many ABAP Dictionary tables to be stored inside it.

Tables M_MTVMA, M_MTVMB, M_MTVMC, M_MTVMD and M_MTVME can be seen in ABAP Dictionary. These all mentioned tables are Pooled Tables. All those tables were assigned to at least one Table Pool i.E. M_MTVM, with a purpose to be gift in the underlying database and storing information of all the five stated tables of ABAP Dictionary.

Pooled tables are essentially utilized by SAP to store temporary data or customizing facts. Pooled tables can also be used to store manipulate information (along with display screen sequences or software parameters).

Generally as a developer, we will never create a Pooled table or Table Pool. It does not mean that we can't create them. SAP has given the option to create Pooled tables through SE80 transaction and Table pool thru ABAP Dictionary.

Q26. What Are The Function Of The Transport System And Workbench Organiser?

The function of the shipping gadget and the Workbench Organizer is to control any changes made to items of the ABAP/four Development Workbench and to transport those modifications between exceptional SAP systems.

Q27. What Do You Mean By Cluster Tables In Sap Abap? Also Explain What Do You Mean By Table Cluster?

A cluster desk is just like a Pooled desk. It has a many to 1 relationship with a table in an underlying database. Many cluster tables are stored in a single table in an underlying database referred to as a desk cluster.

So table cluster is much like pooled desk pool. A desk cluster holds most effective cluster table within it.

Table clusters store records from numerous cluster tables primarily based at the number one key fields that they have got in commonplace. 

Rows from the cluster tables are blended into a single row in the table cluster. The rows are mixed based on the part of the number one key they have in not unusual.

The biggest gain of cluster table and pooled table is they reduce the quantity of database reads and thereby enhance overall performance.

Tables CDPOS and CDHDR are Cluster tables in SAP ABAP Dictionary and CDCLS is the table cluster that exist within the underlying database. CDCLS desk incorporates or preserve records of each tables CDPOS and CDHDR within the underlying database.

Q28. What Are The Two Levels In Defining A Match Code?

Match Code item

Match Code Id.

Q29. Can We Define Our Own Match Code Id's For Sap Matchcodes?

Yes, the numbers zero to nine are reserved for us to create our personal Match Code IDs for a SAP defined Matchcode object.

Q30. What Is A Table Pool?

A desk pool (or pool) is used to mix several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The definition of a pool includes at the least  key fields and a long argument discipline (VARDATA).

Q31. What Are The Data Types Of The Abap/four Layer?

Possible ABAP/four information types:

C: Character.

D: Date, layout YYYYMMDD.

F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (eight bytes).

I: Integer.

N: Numerical person string of arbitrary period.

P: Amount or counter discipline (packed; implementation depends on hardware platform).

S: Time stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.

T: Time of day HHMMSS.

V: Character string of variable period, period is given in the first two bytes.

X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.

Q32. What Is The Difference Between Data Elements And Domains?

Data Element: Data Element gives semantic attributes like discipline labels and on-line documentation

Domain: Domain gives the technical attributes like statistics type and subject duration

Q33. What Are The Different Types Of Views In Sap?

In SAP, you have got general four kinds of perspectives. Based at the way wherein the view is implemented and the techniques that are authorized for having access to the view statistics they may be divided into Database View, Projection View, Maintenance View and Help View. 

Database perspectives enforce an Inner Join while Projection View, Maintenance View and Help View enforce an Outer Join.

There are 4 Different styles of Views in SAP. They are:

Maintenance View

Database View

Projection View

Help View

Q34. What Is A Data Class?

The Data elegance determines wherein table area the table is stored while it's miles created inside the database.

Q35. What Is The Difference Between Native Sql & Open Sql?

There are two types of SQL being used in SAP ABAP programming language. They are

Native SQL

Open SQL

Open SQL permits to get admission to the database tables declared within the ABAP dictionary irrespective of the database platform that the SAP R/three gadget is the use of.

Native SQL permits to apply database-specific SQL statements in a SAP ABAP software. This means that you may use database tables that aren't administered via ABAP dictionary, and therefore integrate information that is not a part of the SAP R/three gadget.

Open SQL is not restricted to any precise kind of database whilst a Native SQL is limited to a specific type. 

ABAP packages that uses only Open SQL statements will paintings in any R/3 device, irrespective of the database machine in use. Open SQL statements can most effective paintings with database tables that have been created inside the ABAP dictionary.

Q36. What Are Conversion Routines ?

Non-standard conversions from show format to sap inner format and vice-versa are applied with so referred to as conversion exercises.

Aggregated Objects Views, matchcodes, and lock items also are referred to as aggregate objects because they're shaped from numerous associated tables.

Q37. What Are The Differences Between Transparent Tables, Pooled Tables & Cluster Tables?

Differences between transparent, pooled and cluster tables are:

Transparent tables have a one to one dating with a bodily desk in an underlying database wherein as pooled tables and cluster tables have many to 1 courting with a bodily table in the underlying database (Relationship between tables in ABAP Dictionary & Underlying database).

For every obvious desk there may be precisely best one table within the underlying database while many pooled tables are saved in a unmarried table in an underlying database referred to as desk pool. Similarly many cluster tables are saved in a unmarried desk within the database known as a desk cluster

In case of transparent tables, the underlying database table could have the same name, same number of fields and the fields may even have the same names as defined in ABAP Dictionary whereas for pooled tables and cluster tables the underlying database table will have extraordinary name, different number of fields and fields will have special names from what has been described in ABAP Dictionary.

Transparent tables will have one or extra number one key Whereas Primary key of each pooled table of a desk pool want no longer be equal while Primary key of every cluster table of a table cluster must have at the least one key in common.

Secondary indexes may be created for transparent tables, but for pooled and cluster tables we can not create any secondary index.

Transparent tables may be accessed via both Native and Open SQL whereas pooled and cluster desk can be accessed by Open SQL best.

Transparent tables are used to preserve application information which includes each grasp information as well as transaction statistics. 

Pooled tables lessen the quantity of database resources wanted while many small tables need to be opened at the equal time.

Cluster tables are used whilst the tables have number one key in commonplace and data in these tables are all accessed concurrently.

Q38. What Is A Data Dictionary?

Data dictionary is a vital source of statistics in a data management device. Its major characteristic is to support the. It has details about

What records is contained?

What are the attributes of the statistics?

What is the relationship present among the diverse records factors?

Q39. What Is A Match Code?

Match Code is a tool to help us to search for records information within the device. Match codes are an green and consumer-pleasant seek resource wherein the important thing of a file is unknown.

Q40. What Are The Difference Between Tables And Structures?

Table:

Table has an underlying database table

Table has a primary key

Table has technical attributes

Structure:

No underlying database desk

No primary key

No technical attributes

Q41. What Are The 3 Types Of Tables In Sap?

There are three types of tables in SAP Dictionary (DDIC). They are:

Transparent Table

Pooled Table

Cluster Table

Q42. Can You Delete A Domain Which Is Being Used By Data Elements?

No

Q43. What Are Pooled Tables?

These are logical tables which need to be assigned to a desk pool whilst they are defined. Pooled tables may be used to shop manipulate facts (consisting of display screen sequences or software parameters).

Q44. What Are The Data Types Of The External Layer?

ACCP, CHAR, CLNT, CUKY,CURR, DATS, DEC, FLTP, INT1,INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR,LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN,RAW ,TIMS, UNIT, VARC.

Q45. What Are The Types Of Subroutines?

Internal Subroutines: The source code of the inner subroutines might be in the equal ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (inner name).

External Subroutines: The supply code of the outside subroutines might be in an ABAP/four software apart from the calling system.

Q46. What Is The Difference Between A Substructure And An Append Structure?

In the case of a substructure, the reference originates inside the table itself, in the forma of a announcement include. 

In the case of an append structure, the desk itself stays unchanged and the reference originates in the append structure.

Q47. What Is A Maintenance View?

Just like we have table protection (SM30) for each desk, in addition if there's a requirement to maintain information for one or greater tables in a unmarried view, then upkeep view may be created. All the tables in a renovation view have to be connected with foreign key. The be part of situations for protection views are always derived from the foreign key automatically and as a consequence one can't without delay input the be a part of conditions as for database views. Unlike Database views, you can actually modify records from protection view.

Thus, a maintenance view allows you to maintain the information of an utility item collectively. 

Q48. What Is Locking ?

When  users concurrently try to get right of entry to the identical data record, this is synchronised through a lock mechanism.

When conversation transactions are programmed, locks are set and launched by means of calling sure characteristic modules. These characteristic modules are generated automatically from the definition of so-known as lock items in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. To synchronize the get admission to to a desk with the aid of putting and getting rid of locks, a Lock object needs to be defined inside the ABAP/four Dictionary. Activating the lock item mechanically creates #function modules for putting and putting off locks. These function modules need to be covered while programming interactive transactions.

Lock Mechanism : To set locks, a lock item have to be defined inside the ABAP/4 Dictionary. In this lock item, those tables in which facts facts are to be locked with the aid of calling a lock are determined. All tables covered in a lock item should be linked to every other through overseas keys. The key fields of the tables in a lock object shape the Lock arguments for the tables. The lock arguments are the idea for formulating the logical condition for identifying the statistics to be locked. When activating this lock object,  feature modulesB with the namesENQUEUE_ and DEQUEUE_ are generated.

Q49. State The Differences Between Database View & Projection View?

The basic variations among projection view and database view are:

Database view can constructed over many tables while projection view may be built over a single desk only.

Database view may be updated if the view is built over a unmarried table whereas in projection view information may be up to date.

In case of database view, information updates can use open SQL or local SQL while in case of projection view, information updates must use open SQL.

Database view can be buffered whereas Projection view can not be buffered.

Q50. What Are The Relational Operations That Can Be Performed On View In Sap?

There are 3 operations that can be executed on views in SAP: Join, Projection and Selection.

The Projection Operation is used to slender a view’s awareness to certain fields in a desk.

The Selection Operation is used to slim a view’s awareness to sure data in a table.

The Join Operation is used to mix statistics from multiple tables right into a unmarried view.