Interview Questions.

Q1. How To Fetch A New Version Of Drupal?

You can use your web browser to go to Drupal.Org and down load the most recent version, or you may use any wide variety of tools to try this for you. For instance, you may use Drush, if you have it installed and configured in the Vagrant profile).

Q2. What Are System Requirements For Drupal?

A minimal base installation requires at the least 3MB of disk space but real disk space is fairly higher. If you install many contributed modules and contributed issues, the actual disk space on your installation may want to easily be 40 MB or more.

Q3. Which Are Commonly Used Php Based Cmss ?

Drupal, Joomla, Wordpress, TYPO3.

Q4. Explain Taxonomy In Drupal?

Drupal has a device for classifying content, which is referred to as taxonomy and implemented in the middle Taxonomy module. You can outline your very own vocabularies (companies of taxonomy phrases), and add phrases to each vocabulary. Vocabularies can be flat or hierarchical, can permit single or multiple choice, and can also be “unfastened tagging” (which means that after creating or modifying content, you may add new terms on the fly). Each vocabulary can then be connected to at least one or extra content material types, and in this manner, nodes in your website may be grouped into classes, tagged, or classified in any way you choose.

Q5. What Does Drupal Do?

Drupal is the choice for lots extraordinary web web sites as it does lots of different things thoroughly, and lets in extraordinary varieties of statistics to engage efficaciously thru its flexible, open architecture. Drupal's feature set is far more economic and practical for most organization.

Q6. How To Interact With Drupal Search System ?

There are 3 approaches to have interaction with the quest gadget: Specifically for searching nodes, you may enforce nodeapi(‘replace index’) and nodeapi(‘seek result’). However, notice that the hunt system already indexes all seen output of a node, i.E. The whole lot displayed normally by means of hook_view() and hook_nodeapi(‘view’). This is normally enough. You ought to most effective use this mechanism if you want extra, non-seen information to be indexed.

Implement hook_search(). This will create a search tab to your module at the /search web page with a simple key-word search shape. You may additionally optionally enforce hook_search_item() to customise the display of your consequences.

Implement hook_update_index(). This permits your module to use Drupal’s HTML indexing mechanism for searching complete text effectively.

If your module desires to offer a greater complicated search shape, then you want to enforce it your self with out hook_search(). In that case, you ought to outline it as a local challenge (tab) under the /seek page so that users can easily locate it.

Q7. What Are Hooks In Drupal ?

Hooks in Drupal lets in modules to interact with the Drupal core. Drupal’s module system is primarily based on the concept of “hooks”. A hook is a PHP feature that is named foo_bar(), in which “foo” is the call of the module and “bar” is the name of the hook. Each hook has a described set of parameters and a special result kind. To enlarge Drupal, a module want certainly put in force a hook. When Drupal wishes to allow intervention from modules, it determines which modules put in force a hook and calls that hook in all enabled modules that enforce it.

Q8. Explain The Capabilities Of Views Module?

The Views module presents a bendy method for Drupal site designers to control how lists and tables of content (nodes in Views 1, nearly whatever in Views 2) are supplied.

Traditionally, Drupal has hard-coded maximum of this, specially in how taxonomy and tracker lists are formatted.

This tool is basically a clever question builder that, given enough facts, can build the right question, execute it, and show the effects. It has 4 modes, plus a unique mode, and gives an outstanding amount of capability from those modes.

Among other things, Views can be used to generate reports, create summaries, and show collections of snap shots and other content.

Q9. Is It Possible To Disable The Core Required Modules Through Drupal Admin ?

No, it is not viable to disable the core required modules.

Q10. What Are The Key Features Of Drupal?

Drupal middle has two key features that assist with the combination of wealthy media, the Upload module and embedding. The Upload module lets in users to connect exclusive styles of documents to node styles of your deciding on. This function lets in for extremely basic integration with media documents. There are  obstacles that you'll deal with when using the add module. The size of record uploads may be restrained via your web host which can restriction what types of media you could upload to the site. If you're able to upload the report you need the add characteristic does not offer any post upload processing or embed the media within your posts.

Drupal center additionally permits you to embed media within nodes that is hosted on different websites. So when you have pictures hosted on Flickr or films hosted on YouTube you could paste the furnished embed code into your posts. And you are also free to create a hyperlink to the unique vicinity of the media in your put up. It is critical to notice that if you want to embed media from other web sites you have to have the "Full HTML" enter format decided on. The preferred "Filtered HTML" input layout strips out the embed tags for protection reasons.

Q11. What Is Pdo?

PDO is an acronym for PHP Data Objects. PDO is a lean, steady manner to get entry to databases. This me builders can write transportable code an awful lot less complicated. PDO is not an abstraction layer like Pear DB. PDO is a extra like a information get right of entry to layer which uses a unified API (Application Programming Interface).

Q12. Explain Region, Block, Menu In Drupal?

Pages for your Drupal web site are laid out in regions, that can consist of the header, footer, sidebars, and major content phase; your theme might also define additional areas. Blocks are discrete chunks of records that are displayed inside the areas of your website online’s pages. Blocks can take the form of menus, the output from modules, or dynamic and static chunks of records which you’ve created yourself.

There are three widespread menus in Drupal: Primary Links, Secondary Links, and Navigation. Primary and Secondary hyperlinks are built by using site administrators, and displayed robotically inside the web page header of many themes. Navigation is the catch-all menu that includes your management menus, as well as hyperlinks furnished through modules for your site. You can also create your very own custom menus, and display them by way of allowing their blocks.

You can customise menus in several ways, including reordering menu objects through placing their “weight” or truely dragging into place, renaming menu objects, and converting the hyperlink name. You can circulate a menu object right into a different menu through editing the Parent property of the menu item.

You also can upload custom menu gadgets to a menu, from the Add menu object tab of the Menu management display screen. To create a menu object, you will want to provide the direction to the content material.

Q13. Why Use Drupal?

Here is a list of the Drupal blessings:

Easy to install.

Easy to use - no programming expertise wanted.

It has masses of functions together with Search Engine Friendly URLs(SEF), classes, seek function.

It has lots of modules to increase your web page's functionality.

Flexibility - you could without problems turn your Drupal set up right into a forum, blog, wiki and lots of other varieties of web sites.

It is unfastened to apply and it's far open source. Drupal can be effortlessly mounted and changed to trade the supply code to fit your needs.

Lots of users and a large community find it clean to find solutions on your troubles.

Q14. Which Are The Core Required Modules In Drupal 6.X ?

Block — Controls the containers that are displayed around the principle content.

Filter — Handles the filtering of content material in practise for display.

Node — Allows content material to be submitted to the website and displayed on pages.

System — Handles standard web site configuration for directors.

User — Manages the person registration and login device.

Q15. What Is Comment In Drupal?

Comments are another kind of content material you could have in your website online (when you have enabled the center Comment module). Each remark is a standard small piece of content material that a user submits, attached to a selected node. For instance, each piece of dialogue attached to a specific forum subject matter node is a remark.

Q16. Explain Updating Drupal?

There are  distinct "magnitudes" of enhancements. There are predominant upgrades and minor updates. A main improve updates Drupal from one most important version. Because primary Drupal versions indicate great adjustments, such enhancements are often time eating, requiring many steps each earlier than and after the real set up of the software.

Minor updates pass from one factor launch to some other newer point release. A point launch is a software program update that consists of most effective computer virus fixes and minor characteristic changes. Its foremost version wide variety stays the equal, but its minor version (its factor variety) is incremented.

Drupal's contemporary foremost model quantity is 7, and its minor version wide variety (as of time of writing) is 12, so we have model 7.@Updating minor releases is a whole lot simpler than fundamental enhancements, and should additionally be accomplished often. Since maximum minor versions are launched for security or stability reasons, they're commonly quite vital. In this phase, we can examine updating Drupal multi-site configurations. The procedure differs from upgrading a single-web site example in that there are greater steps, and the order of steps must be accomplished carefully. Since a multi-website online runs most effective one reproduction of Drupal, all the web sites on a multi-site deploy must be up to date at the identical time. Multi-website online updates vary from single-web page updates in one important manner: at the same time as Drupal's code desires to be up to date simplest as soon as, each character web page desires to undergo the updating technique. To preserve web page effect to a minimal (and to avoid catastrophes), doing those updates calls for a special system.

Q17. Explain The Function And Working Of Dashboard Module ?

The Dashboard module gives a Dashboard page in the administration menu. The aim of the Dashboard page is to provide administrators a short evaluation of crucial data at the internet site.

Q18. What Is Cms?

Content control machine (CMS) is a group of strategies used to control work float in a collaborative surroundings. These tactics can be guide or pc-based. The methods are designed to allow massive number of people to make contributions and share stored statistics Control get right of entry to to data, based totally on user roles. Reduce repetitive replica enter Improve the convenience of report writing Improve verbal exchange between customers.

In a CMS, facts can be defined as nearly some thing – documents, films, pix, telephone numbers, and many others. CMSs are regularly used for storing, controlling, revising, semantically enriching, and publishing documentation. Content that is controlled is enterprise-unique

Q19. What Is Comment Moderation In Drupal?

Drupal center contains settings that will let you mild comments. Drupal's consumer access controls can help you specify whether or not customers need to have already got an account earlier than they could put up comments to the website online. You can also specify whether or not a person (logged in or anonymous) may leave a comment with out approval. Comment moderation is made less difficult thru the contributed module known as Notify. Notify will ship an electronic mail to the administrator each time a person leaves a comment on their web site.

Q20. What Is Difference Between Diff And Patch ?

Diff creates patch In easy terms, the diff command is used to examine differences between  variations of a file. The resulting record is referred to as a patch, and commonly is given (by the person) a “.Patch” suffix.

This patch file then may be used on different copies of the “antique” record by using the usage of the patch command, thus updating their “old” report(s) to match the “new” file(s).

Why you will use diff When may one use diff to create a patch document? Let’s say you're customizing a module to fix a worm, and feature saved a new version of the module. How will you bypass to your bug restore to others? Simply passing on your version of the module may not work, as it’s pretty possible a person else has modified some different issue of the code on the same time and you each could be overwriting each others’ changes.

So rather, what you do is administered diff between the 2 files, after which add the resulting patch — which others can then observe to their documents the use of the patch command. (And you could observe other people’s patches in opposition to your documents, with out dropping your own adjustments.).

The added advantage of this kind of workflow is that changes to the code can easily be tracked — and undone, if important — which is crucial in a community-evolved undertaking inclusive of Drupal.

Q21. Explain User, Permission, Role In Drupal?

Every vacationer for your web site, whether or not they've an account and log in or go to the website online anonymously, is taken into consideration a consumer to Drupal. Each consumer has a numeric person ID, and non-anonymous customers even have a consumer name and an electronic mail address. Other facts can also be associated with users by means of modules; for example, if you use the center Profile module, you may outline consumer profile fields to be associated with each user.

Anonymous customers have a person ID of 0 (0). The consumer with user ID one (1), that's the consumer account you create whilst you deploy Drupal, is special: that consumer has permission to do genuinely everything at the web site.

Other customers in your web site can be assigned permissions via roles. To try this, you first want to create a role, that you may name “Content editor” or “Member”. Next, you will assign permissions to that role, to tell Drupal what that role can and can’t do on the website. Finally, you may grant certain customers to your website online your new position, a good way to mean that after those users are logged in, Drupal will let them do the movements you gave that position permission to do.

You can also assign permissions for the special built-in roles of “nameless person” and “authenticated consumer”. Drupal permissions are quite flexible — you are allowed to assign permission for any mission to any position, relying at the desires of your site.

Q22. List The Features Of Drupal ?

Rock strong & high exceptional platform

Powerful templating system. Any XHTML or CSS template may be without difficulty transformed to Drupal

Real multi-website online-function (handiest one set up for several websites)

Any Kind of consumer agencies & consumer permissions, OpenId compliant in Version 6

Can run club and community web sites, no longer simplest CMS and many others

Clear, high satisfactory code and API (easy to combine with other answers etc)

Q23. How Does Drupal Scale?

Drupal sites are utilized in very disturbing eventualities, serving hundreds of thousands of web page views an afternoon. Drupal scalability and performance optimization is one of our middle capabilities, and we regularly paintings with present internet houses to discover ways to enhance their overall performance.

Q24. What Kind Of Support Is Available To Drupal?

A wide range of aid services are available for companies jogging Drupal websites. The Drupal network itself is an awesome aid for humans looking to study greater about the platform or clear up particular troubles that emerge using the gadget. Acquia offers an corporation distribution of Drupal that consists of uptime tracking, e mail and phone based troubleshooting support, and subscription pl for sites with various overall performance necessities.

Q25. Explain The Concept Of Node In Drupal?

A node in Drupal is the commonplace time period for a piece of content for your web website. (Note that the choice of the word “node” is not meant within the mathematical feel as a part of a network.) Some examples of nodes:

Pages in books

Discussion topics in forums

Entries in blogs

News article testimonies

Each node in your web site has a Content Type. It also has a Node ID, a Title, a introduction date, an writer (a person on the website online), a Body (which may be left out/overlooked for some content material sorts), and some other houses. By using modules which include the contributed Content Construction Kit (CCK) module, the core Taxonomy module, and the contributed Location module, you can add fields and other homes on your nodes.

Q26. How Database System Of Drupal Works ?

Drupal stores records in a database; each type of information has its own database table. For example, the primary statistics approximately the nodes of your web page are saved inside the Node desk, and if you use the CCK module to add fields on your nodes, the sphere facts is stored in separate tables. Comments and Users additionally have their personal database tables, and roles, permissions, and different settings also are stored in database tables.

Q27. Concept Of Comment In Drupal ?

Comments are every other sort of content you can have for your site (if you have enabled the core Comment module). Each remark is a commonly small piece of content that a person submits, connected to a particular node. For instance, each piece of dialogue connected to a specific discussion board subject matter node is a remark.

Q28. What Is Node In Drupal?

A node in Drupal is the well-known term for a chunk of content on your web web site. (Note that the selection of the phrase “node” isn't always intended in the mathematical sense as part of a community.) Some examples of nodes:

Pages in books

Discussion topics in forums

Entries in blogs

News article stories

Each node in your web page has a Content Type. It also has a Node ID, a Title, a creation date, an writer (a user at the site), a Body (which may be ignored/not noted for a few content material types), and some different homes. By the use of modules such as the contributed Content Construction Kit (CCK) module, the center Taxonomy module, and the contributed Location module, you can upload fields and different homes to your nodes.

Q29. How Does Drupal Compare To Other Open Source Cms System?

Drupal is also often as compared with different open source content material control structures including Joomla, Plone, Scoop, Silver stripe, Typo3, Graffiti, Movable Type and Wordpress. There are characteristic functions to all of these structures that make them suitable in sure contexts, and maximum of them compare favorably to Drupal in a single category of operation or another. But few of them are able to presenting the balance between overall performance and capability observed in Drupal.

Q30. What Is A Web Content Management System?

A Web content material management machine is content material control system software, carried out as a Web utility, for creating and dealing with HTML content material. It is used to manipulate and manipulate a big dynamic series of Web cloth. A WCMS enables content material advent, content material manipulate, modifying, and vital Web protection features. The software program provides authoring equipment designed to permit users with little know-how of programming languages or markup languages to create and manage content material with relative ease. Most structures use a database to store content, metadata, or artifacts that might be needed by means of the system. Content is often, but not universally, stored as XML, to facilitate reuse and enable flexible presentation options.

Most structures use server aspect caching boosting performance. This works excellent while the WCMS isn't changed often however visits take place on a everyday foundation. Administration is usually performed via browser-primarily based interfaces, however a few systems require the usage of a fats purchaser.

Q31. What Is Drupal?

Drupal is an open source content material control system providing a toolset. With included social media and e-trade capability, it gives particular price as part of your social media strategy.

Q32. What Is Taxonomy In Drupal?

Drupal comes with a constructed in taxonomy machine. The taxonomy system lets in you to categorize the nodes on your website online. The taxonomy machine allows you to define vocabularies allow you to arrange your phrases into agencies. Each term is largely a class. There is not any restrict to the range of vocabularies you could create. There is likewise no limit to the number of terms that you could consist of in each vocabulary. Your vocabulary also can have unfastened tagging. So rather than coming into unique terms beforehand of time customers may additionally enter tags freely on the time the publish is written and those tags robotically grow to be phrases in that vocabulary.

This taxonomy machine makes Drupal very flexible and really effective due to the fact you may use your categories and phrases to show the content material to your web page in a variety of various ways. For instance, a contributed module referred to as Tagadelic allows you to display classes as a tag cloud. You also can use your website categories to generate custom views and RSS feeds.

Q33. Which Are The Core Optional Modules In Drupal 6.X ?

Aggregator Aggregates syndicated content (RSS, RDF, and Atom feeds).

Blog Enables retaining without difficulty and regularly up to date user internet pages or blogs.

Blog API Allows users to post content material the use of programs that aid XML-RPC blog APIs.

Book Allows users to shape website pages in a hierarchy or outline.

Color Allows the consumer to exchange the shade scheme of certain topics.

Comment Allows customers to comment on and talk posted content.

Contact Enables the usage of both non-public and placement-wide contact bureaucracy.

Content trlation Allows content material to be trlated into extraordinary languages.

Database logging Logs and data gadget events to the database.

Forum Enables threaded discussions approximately standard subjects.

Help Manages the show of online assist.

Locale Adds language coping with capability and allows the trlation of the person interface to languages other than English.

Menu Allows administrators to customise the web page navigation menu.

OpenID Allows users to log into your web site the usage of OpenID.

Path Allows users to rename URLs.

PHP filter Allows embedded PHP code/snippets to be evaluated.

Ping Alerts other sites whilst your website online has been up to date.

Poll Allows your site to capture votes on exceptional topics within the form of more than one choice questions.

Profile Supports configurable person profiles.

Search Enables website online-extensive keyword searching.

Statistics Logs get entry to records to your web page.

Syslog Logs and facts system occasions to syslog.

Taxonomy Enables the categorization of content material.

Throttle Handles the automobile-throttling mechanism, to control website online congestion.

Tracker Enables tracking of recent posts for users.

Trigger Enables movements to be fired on certain machine events, including when new content is created.

Update repute Checks the popularity of to be had updates for Drupal and your set up modules and topics.

Upload Allows customers to add and attach documents to content.
 

Q34. What Are The Applications Of Drupal?

Here are some usual Drupal usages:

Content control - Using a simple, browser-based interface, contributors can post tales, blogs, polls, photographs, forums, and so forth. Administrators can easily customise the design in their Drupal installation.

Hierarchical ordering- The Drupal type device permits hierarchical ordering, cross-indexing of posts and multiple category sets for maximum content sorts. Access to content is controlled through administrator-defined user roles. A seek alternative is likewise available.

Weblog - A unmarried set up may be configured as an person private blog website or more than one person weblogs. Drupal helps the Blogger API, affords RSS feeds for every character blog and can be set to ping blog directories when new content is published on the house page.

Discussion-based network - A Drupal web website online can be correctly used as a dialogue forum. Comment boards, connected to maximum content material types, make it easy for members to talk about new posts. Administrators can manage whether or not content and comments are published without approval, with administrator approval or through network moderation. Collaboration - Used for coping with the development of Drupal, the undertaking module is suitable for assisting different open supply software program projects. The collaborative e book module includes variations manipulate, making it simple for a group to create, revise and hold documentation or any form of textual content.

Q35. What Is A Module In Drupal ?

A module is software (code) that extends Drupal capabilities and/or capability. Core modules are those covered with the primary down load of Drupal, and you could activate their capability without putting in additional software. Contributed modules are downloaded from the Modules download phase of drupal.Org, and established within your Drupal installation. You can also create your own modules; this requires an intensive know-how of Drupal, PHP programming, and Drupal module API.

Q36. What Are Gnu Licenses ?

Not at all—there are many different unfastened software program licenses. We have an incomplete listing. Any license that offers the user positive unique freedoms is a unfastened software program license.

Q37. Which Are Commonly Used Php Based Cmss ?

Drupal

Joomla

Wordpress

TYPO3

Q38. What Is A Patch?

A patch is a document that consists of a listing of variations between one set of files and another. All code changes, additions, or deletions to Drupal core and contributed modules/topics between builders are executed through patches.

The differences are offered in a established, preferred manner, which me that a software (also named patch) can be used to use the modifications to some other reproduction of the authentic document.

Q39. Drupal Can Run On Command Line?

Yes, you can use drush – drush is a command line shell and Unix scripting interface for Drupal

Q40. Compare Drupal To Commercial Cms System?

Drupal is frequently in comparison to a number of commercial content control systems together with Crown Peak, ExpressionEngine, Clickability and Site Life in phrases of skills. None of those systems offer the range of capabilities that may be found in Drupal or the flexible, developer-friendly architecture that allows us to rapidly install dynamic web sites. In phrases of sustainability, these structures lack the innovative method to development, with updates and new capabilities constantly being added to the platform. These systems generally do surpass Drupal in terms of out-of-the-container reporting and metrics gear, normally offering views of statistics that is also saved in other structures.

Q41. How To Enable Clean Urls In Drupal ?

The general Drupal set up carries a sample .Htaccess report which helps smooth URLs. It is easy to overlook copying this document, due to the main “dot”. So earlier than trying to enable Clean URLs, make sure this report exists on your Drupal set up.

Q42. Can I Use Drupal On The Command Line?

Yes, you can use drush.

Drush is a command line shell and Unix scripting interface for Drupal.

Q43. What Is Database Abstraction Layer In Drupal ?

Allow the use of different database servers using the same code base.

Drupal affords a narrow database abstraction layer to offer developers with the capacity to help a couple of database servers without difficulty. The rationale of this accretion is to hold the syntax and power of SQL as much as viable, at the same time as letting Drupal manipulate the pieces of queries that want to be written otherwise for exceptional servers and provide primary security tests.

Most Drupal database queries are accomplished by means of a call to db_query() or db_query_range(). Module authors need to also do not forget the usage of pager_query() for queries that return results that need to be offered on more than one pages, and tablesort_sql() for producing suitable queries for sortable tables.