Interview Questions.

Q1. What Are The Scope Field Names.

NODE-LOCAL SCOPE(1).

LINK-LOCAL SCOPE(2).

SITE-LOCAL SCOPE(five).

ORGANIZATION-LOCAL SCOPE(eight).

GLOBAL-SCOPE(e).

Q2. What Is The Difference Between Stateless Address Configuration And Stateful Address Configuration?

If a number configures its ip address via contacting DHCP, it's miles called as STATEFUL ADDRESS CONFIGURATION.

If a number configures its ip address with out DHCP, it's miles STATELESS ADDRESS CONFIGURATION. Normally the cope with is derived from the prefixes advertised through Local Routers.

Even inside the absense of Routers also, hosts can automatically configure themselves (referred to as hyperlink-local address).

Q3. So Why Has It Taken So Long For Ipv6 To Be Implemented?

The impending need emigrate structures to the IPv6 protocol does no longer exist the way we saw with Y2K. As a result, businesses have frequently decided to delay investment inside the trition. One of the motives is that IPv6 deployment is a vital upgrade method that requires the funding of human and capital assets, but does now not offer clean quick-time period return. There are also workarounds, along with the advent of Network Address Trlation (NAT) that lets in corporations to increase their addresses to extra gadgets.  These workarounds are pricey and no longer feasible in the lengthy-time period. The simplest way forward is to undertake IPv@The time to undertake is now - and lots of agencies have already initiated, and even completed the trition manner.

Q4. Has Ipv6 Been Added To The Root Servers Yet?

On 4 February 2008, ICANN announced that it had introduced IPv6 to six of the 13 root servers, namely A, F, H, J, K, M, hence allowing for a fuller IPv6 usage of the Domain Name System (DNS). Since then, the L root has additionally been added to the list.

Q5. What Is The Length Of Ipv6 Ip Address?

The lenth of IPV6 ip cope with is 128 bits.

Q6. How Much Will The Trition To Ipv6 Cost?

Since community needs and companies vary, IPv6 trition techniques and associated charges may also range between firms. Hardware and software program vendors are more and more integrating IPv6 as a preferred feature in merchandise, allowing companies to installation IPv6 as a part of habitual improve cycles. For many organisations, operational prices, together with workforce training, and one-time administrative fees to add IPv6 to control databases and documentation, are in all likelihood to constitute most of the people of the fee of upgrading to IPv@Organisations that run in-residence customised software will experience additional costs to improve those programs to IPv6, and establishments which have test/release techniques will see a marginal extra fee for the IPv6 configuration tests.

For quit-customers, running systems along with Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux now comprise IPv6 within their today's releases and will mechanically use IPv6 if it's far to be had. Applications are expected to observe as the global call for for IPv6 increases.

Q7. What Is The Length Of Header Of Ipv4 And Ipv6?

IPV6 is of constant 40byte header.

IPV4 it's far variable(usually 20 bytes).

Q8. What Is The Ethertype Of Ipv4 And Ipv6 Ip Packets?

Ethertype of ipv4  is 08@

ethertype of ipv6  is 86DD.

Q9. Will Ipv4 Address Depletion Mean That Services Will Get Switched Off?

No. Both IPv4 and IPv6 will run in parallel till there's not any need to achieve this.

Q10. Are There Other Advantages To Ipv6 Besides Increased Address Space?

The foremost gain of IPv6 is that it provides a lot extra deal with space. Being a greater current protocol, IPv6 does have some layout enhancements over IPv4, particularly in the areas of autoconfiguration, mobility, and extensibility. However, increased cope with space is the principle gain of IPv6.

Q11. How Does Ipv6 Solve The Problem Of Ipv4 Address Exhaustion?

Simply by having loads more address area to uniquely discover gadgets that are connected to the Internet. IPv4 has a theoretical most of approximately 4 billion addresses whereas IPv6 has an unthinkable theoretical most: about 340 trillion, trillion, trillion addresses. In actual use, IPv6 addresses are established for routing and other purposes and as a result the quantity of addresses to be had is successfully much less, however still extraordinarily large.

For the end consumer, the big quantity of IPv6 address area me:

Home users will generally receive blocks of addresses enough to wide variety more than one networks and heaps of devices. (In comparison, under IPv4, domestic customers nowadays typically get a unmarried cope with.)

Enterprises and small companies will usually receive sufficient to quantity a considerable quantity of networks and tens of lots of gadgets; even as larger sites gets appreciably extra.

Q12. What Is The Full Ipv6 Address Represented By Ff02::130f:5?

FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:130F:0005

Q13. Without Nat, Won't My Network Be Less Secure?

Trlating addresses does no longer provide any security blessings. In many instances NATs require an outgoing connection to be present before they may permit an incoming connection to be successful. This 'stateful packet filtering' can be enabled for IPv6 inside the absence of any address trlation. The security houses of IPv6 are no distinctive than the ones of IPv4.

Q14. How Will Ipv6 Day Impact Internet Users?

Our intention with IPv6 Day is to make sure that the Internet keeps to operate smoothly, allowing customers to preserve to get admission to Web content material and services speedy and effortlessly. However, as IPv6 Day could be the primary time the next-technology Internet protocol is used at a global scale, we count on there will be some hiccups.

The effect will vary depending on the precise hardware, Internet provider and Web services an person is attempting to use. In a few rare instances, users can also have broken IPv6 connectivity and therefore might not be able to get admission to offerings on IPv6 Day. This is frequently because of misconfigured or misbehaving gadget (e.G., domestic routers) or software (e.G., firewalls). This hassle currently impacts approximately one Internet person in each 2,0@Operating machine companies, domestic router vendors, and ISPs are working collectively to notably reduce the range of affected customers earlier than World IPv6 Day.

Q15. What Is Jumbo Payload?

Payload Length area is 16 bits.But if the payload size is extra than 64k, then there is a hassle in writing the fee of payload period in this field. Under such circustances, ZERO will be written in the payload duration field and the info of payload length can be written in HOP BY HOP OPTIONS EXTENSION HEADER.

By the way, if the payload size is extra than 64k, it's far referred to as as JUMBOGRAM.

Q16. What Is Ipv6?

IPv6 is the new edition of the Internet address protocol that has been developed to complement (and ultimately update) IPv4, the model that underpins the Internet today.

Q17. Will Ipv6 Addresses Run Out Eventually?

No. An large quantity of IP address space exists under IPv@IPv6, in fact, became mainly designed to restore the cope with obstacles of IPv@This addressing capability will permit the trillions of recent Internet addresses needed to guide connectivity for a massive range of smart gadgets together with phones, household appliances and cars.

Q18. What Is Anycast Address?

An anycast cope with is a single cope with assigned to more than one nodes. 

A packet despatched to an anycast address is then added to the first available node.  It is for  load-balancing and automated failover.

Several of the DNS root servers use a router-based anycast implementation, that is truely a shared unicast addressing scheme. (While there are only thirteen authoritative root server names, the full number of actual servers is considerably larger, and they are unfold everywhere in the globe.) The identical IP address is assigned to more than one interfaces, after which a couple of routing tables entries are had to pass the whole lot alongside.

IPv6 anycast addresses incorporate fields that discover them as anycast, so all you want to do is configure your network interfaces appropriately. The IPv6 protocol itself takes care of having the packets to their very last destinations.

Q19. What Is The Format Of Ipv6 Header:

Version(4)

Traffic Class(eight)

Flow Label(20)

Payload Length(16)

Next Header(8)

Hop Limit(eight)

Source Address(128)

Destination Address(128)

Q20. What, Specifically, Still Needs To Happen For The Industry To Effectively Trition To Ipv6?

The trition to IPv6 will require collaboration across the Internet enterprise:

Internet service companies, Web groups, hardware providers and working machine carriers. All main industry gamers want to do so to make certain products and services are geared up for the trition. For example, Internet carrier carriers want to make IPv6 connectivity available to their users, Web agencies need to provide their web sites and applications over IPv6, working system vendors might also want to implement specific software updates, backbone carriers may also want to establish IPv6 peering with each other, and hardware and domestic gateway gateway producers may additionally want to replace firmware.

Q21. I Have Enough Addresses Today. Why Should I Bother Implementing Ipv6?

IPv6 is an crucial a part of making sure persisted growth and accessibility of your services to the relaxation of the Internet and emerging markets specifically. As the Internet progressively turns into a twin IPv4/IPv6 community, ensuring that you are IPv6 enabled will be crucial for maintaining customary Internet connectivity to your clients, customers, and subscribers, enterprise partners and suppliers. Indeed, as the issue and value of acquiring IPv4 deal with space increases, it's miles inevitable that a few web sites will only support IPv@Connectivity with such sites (and customers) will require IPv6.

It is likewise worth thinking about what services and gadgets may additionally want to be supported over the following couple of years because the ultimate IPv4 pool turn out to be depleted. Your current cope with allocations can be inadequate to support a sudden growth inside the number of linked gadgets in step with person (as many organisations experienced with the fast deployment of IP-enabled wi-fi hand-held merchandise and similar gadgets a few years in the past).

Q22. Who Created Ipv6 And How Long Has Ipv6 Been Available? Is It New?

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an worldwide organization involved with developing technical standards that make the Internet paintings higher first posted the primary IPv6 protocol in 199@It has considering the fact that seen a number of upgrades, including the addition of cell IPv6 specifications (in 2004).

Q23. What Is The Value Of Next Header Field For?

TCP (6)

UDP(17)

No Next Header(59)

Routing Header(43)

Fragment Header(forty four)

Hop by way of Hop Options Header(zero)

Resource ReSerVation Protocol(46)

Encapsulating Security Payload(50)

Authenticaion Header(51)

ICMPv6(58)

Destination Options Header(60)

Encapsulated IPv6 Header(41)

Q24. I've Been Using Nat On My Home Network For Years And It Doesn't Give Me Any Problems. What's Different This Time?

The large difference is that sharing is now across multiple subscribers, in preference to throughout multiple devices belonging to a single subscriber. This has implications for advertisers, content material companies, regulation enforcement and end-customers themselves. NAT in residential cable modems and the like is frequently configurable by using the subscriber. Service-issuer NAT will provide less possibility for end-person configuration. This me the subscriber's ability to permit incoming connections for programs like VoIP or gaming can be curtailed.

Q25. What Is The Solicted-node Address Of Fe80::2aa:ff:fe28:9c5a?

FF02::1:FF00:0/104 is the prefix and 24 bits of ipv6 is appended on the end.Hence FF02::1:FF28:9C5A is the solicted node deal with

Q26. How Long Do You Think We Will Have The Ipv4 And Ipv6 Protocols Active At The Same Time?

No one will positioned a date on whilst IPv4 may be turned off. This will rely on marketplace forces. When IPv6 becomes the dominant community it will draw greater human beings in and less humans will fear about IPv@There will continually be backwards compatibility for things like older community printers that can't trition to IPv6.

Q27. I Run An Isp With A Block Of Ipv4 Address Space. Can I Just Convert That Into Ipv6 Space?

You will need to gain new IPv6 addresses in addition on your current IPv4 address blocks. IPv4 cope with space that you have nowadays can still be utilized in a twin IPv4-IPv6 environment. The RIRs all have policies that make it trustworthy for an ISP with IPv4 area to use for and receive IPv6 deal with space. You ought to touch the RIR in your region or your ISP for greater statistics on a way to gather IPv6 addresses.

It will also be properly concept to apply this possibility to redesign your addressing plan, taking benefit of the more flexibility of IPv6 to assign subscriber deal with blocks more optimally. Similarly, client sites may use IPv6 as an opportunity to redesign and optimise their inner addressing plan. However, it is able to be possible to re-use an present subnet addressing plan within the new IPv6 block, if that is desired.

Q28. Is There A Specific Date When Everything Needs To Be Upgraded To Ipv6?

No. There is not any specific date while the entirety must be upgraded to IPv6 (despite the fact that a few establishments, inclusive of governments, have already recognized goal dates for his or her very own IPv6 implementation. IPv6 and its trition mechanisms have been designed for an extended period of co-lifestyles with IPv4 and it's miles anticipated that IPv4-best systems and packages will live to tell the tale for decades. However, IPv6-best systems are predicted to get up and lots of those users are probably to be in rising enterprise markets and developing countries.

Implementing IPv6 requires making plans and with IPv4 deal with pool exhaustion predicted round 2010-2011, making plans desires to start now. Network operators and directors must already be incorporating IPv6 into their community improve and procurement pl.