Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Xml?

Answer :

XML is the Extensible Markup Language. It improves the capability of the Web by using letting you discover your records in a extra accurate, bendy, and adaptable way.
It is extensible because it isn't a set format like HTML (which is a unmarried, predefined markup language). Instead, XML is truely a metalanguage—a language for describing other languages— which lets you layout your very own markup languages for limitless unique styles of documents. XML can do that as it's written in SGML, the international fashionable metalanguage for text report markup (ISO 8879).

Question 2. What Is A Markup Language?

Answer :

A markup language is a set of phrases and emblems for describing the identification of pieces of a report (for example ‘that is a paragraph’, ‘that is a heading’, ‘this is a list’, ‘that is the caption of this discern’, and so on). Programs can use this with a style sheet to create output for screen, print, audio, video, Braille, and so forth.
Some markup languages (e.G. The ones used in word processors) simplest describe appearances (‘that is italics’, ‘that is ambitious’), but this approach can best be used for display, and isn't commonly re-usable for something else.

Soap Tool Interview Questions
Question 3. Why Is Xml Such An Important Development?

Answer :

It removes  constraints which were conserving again Web trends:
1. Dependence on a unmarried, rigid record type (HTML) which became being plenty abused for tasks it was in no way designed for;
2. The complexity of full SGML, whose syntax permits many powerful however difficult-to-program alternatives. XML permits the bendy improvement of consumer-defined file sorts. It gives a robust, nonproprietary, continual, and verifiable document layout for the storage and transmission of text and statistics both on and stale the Web; and it removes the more complex options of SGML, making it simpler to application for.

Question 4. Describe The Role That Xsl Can Play When Dynamically Generating Html Pages From A Relational Database?

Answer :

Even if applicants have by no means participated in a task involving this type of architecture, they have to apprehend it as one of the not unusual uses of XML. Querying a database and then formatting the end result set in order that it could be proven as an XML file permits builders to translate the information into an HTML table using XSLT regulations. Consequently, the layout of the resulting HTML table can be modified without changing the database query or software code since the report rendering common sense is remoted to the XSLT policies.

HTML Tutorial
Question 5. What Is Sgml?

Answer :

SGML is the Standard Generalized Markup Language (ISO 8879:1986), the global trendy for outlining descriptions of the structure of various forms of digital record.

HTML Interview Questions
Question 6. Aren't Xml, Sgml, And Html All The Same Thing?

Answer :

Not pretty; SGML is the mom tongue, and has been used for describing thousands of different record types in many fields of human pastime, from transcriptions of historical Irish manuscripts to the technical documentation for stealth bombers, and from sufferers' clinical information to musical notation. SGML may be very big and complicated, however, and probably overkill for most common workplace computing device applications.

XML is an abbreviated version of SGML, to make it simpler to use over the Web, less difficult so as to outline your personal document kinds, and less complicated for programmers to jot down programs to handle them. It omits all the complicated and less-used alternatives of SGML in return for the advantages of being simpler to write down packages for, less complicated to recognize, and extra desirable to shipping and interoperability over the Web. But it's miles still SGML, and XML files may nonetheless be processed within the equal way as another SGML document (see the query on XML software program).

HTML is just one in every of many SGML or XML applications—the one maximum often used on the Web. Technical readers may also find it greater useful to consider XML as being SGML-- in place of HTML++.

Question 7. Who Is Responsible For Xml?

Answer :

XML is a mission of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and the development of the specification is supervised by way of an XML Working Group. A Special Interest Group of co-opted members and professionals from various fields contributed remarks and reviews with the aid of electronic mail.

XML is a public format: it is not a proprietary development of any employer, although the membership of the WG and the SIG represented organizations in addition to research and educational establishments. The v1.Zero specification changed into well-known by the W3C as a Recommendation on Feb 10, 1998.

PHP Tutorial PHP Interview Questions
Question eight. Give A Few Examples Of Types Of Applications That Can Benefit From Using Xml?

Answer :

There are literally hundreds of applications that could benefit from XML technologies. The point of this question isn't always to have the candidate rattle off a laundry list of tasks that they've labored on, however, rather, to permit the candidate to provide an explanation for the cause for deciding on XML by citing a few actual world examples. For example, one appropriate solution is that XML permits content control structures to shop documents independently of their layout, which thereby reduces records redundancy. Another solution relates to B2B exchanges or supply chain management structures. In those times, XML affords a mechanism for more than one companies to alternate facts in step with an agreed upon set of rules. A 0.33 not unusual response entails wireless programs that require WML to render records on hand held gadgets.

Question 9. What Is Dom And How Does It Relate To Xml?

Answer :

The Document Object Model (DOM) is an interface specification maintained through the W3C DOM Workgroup that defines an software impartial mechanism to get right of entry to, parse, or replace XML facts. In easy terms it's miles a hierarchical version that allows developers to control XML files without difficulty Any developer that has worked appreciably with XML ought to be able to talk about the idea and use of DOM items freely. Additionally, it isn't always unreasonable to expect superior candidates to very well recognize its inner workings and be able to provide an explanation for how DOM differs from an event-primarily based interface like SAX.

ASP.NET Interview Questions
Question 10. What Is Soap And How Does It Relate To Xml?

Answer :

The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) makes use of XML to outline a protocol for the exchange of information in distributed computing environments. SOAP includes 3 components: an envelope, a hard and fast of encoding rules, and a convention for representing far off process calls. Unless revel in with SOAP is a right away requirement for the open position, understanding the specifics of the protocol, or how it may be used along side HTTP, isn't as crucial as identifying it as a natural application of XML

ASP.NET Tutorial
Question 11. Why Not Just Carry On Extending Html?

Answer :

HTML become already overburdened with dozens of exciting however incompatible innovations from special producers, as it provides best one manner of describing your facts.

XML allows businesses of people or organizations to impeach C.13, create their personal customized markup applications for exchanging facts of their domain (song, chemistry, electronics, hill-taking walks, finance, browsing, petroleum geology, linguistics, cooking, knitting, stellar cartography, history, engineering, rabbit-retaining, question C.19, mathematics, genealogy, and many others).

HTML is now nicely past the restrict of its usefulness as a way of describing records, and at the same time as it'll retain to play an critical function for the content material it presently represents, many new packages require a higher and flexible infrastructure.

PHP5 Interview Questions
Question 12. Why Should I Use Xml?

Answer :

Here are a few reasons for the usage of XML .
* XML can be used to explain and discover records accurately and unambiguously, in a manner that computer systems can be programmed to ‘understand’ (properly, at least manipulate as if they could apprehend).
* XML permits files which can be all of the equal type to be created continually and with out structural errors, because it affords a standardised way of describing, controlling, or permitting/disallowing specific sorts of file shape. [Note that this has absolutely nothing whatever to do with formatting, appearance, or the actual text content of your documents, only the structure of them].
* XML offers a strong and sturdy format for records storage and transmission. Robust because it is primarily based on a validated fashionable, and might accordingly be examined and validated; long lasting as it makes use of undeniable-textual content record codecs so that it will outlast proprietary binary ones.
* XML provides a not unusual syntax for messaging systems for the alternate of facts among packages. Previously, each messaging gadget had its own format and all have been different, which made inter-system messaging unnecessarily messy, complicated, and costly. If all of us uses the equal syntax it makes writing those structures tons quicker and more dependable.
* XML is loose. Not simply freed from charge (unfastened as in beer) however freed from legal encumbrances (loose as in speech). It would not belong to every person, so it can not be hijacked or pirated. And you don't need to pay a fee to apply it (you could of route pick to apply commercial software to deal with it, for plenty of appropriate motives, however you do not pay for XML itself).
* XML records may be manipulated programmatically (below machine control), so XML files can be pieced collectively from disparate assets, or taken aside and re-utilized in one of a kind ways. They can be transformed into almost some other layout with out a lack of records.
* XML lets you separate form from content. Your XML document consists of your report statistics (text, facts) and identifies its structure: your formatting and other processing desires are diagnosed one after the other in a stylesheet or processing system. The  are mixed at output time to apply the specified formatting to the text or statistics recognized by means of its structure (place, position, rank, order, or whatever).

Soap Tool Interview Questions
Question 13. Can You Walk Us Through The Steps Necessary To Parse Xml Documents?

Answer :

Superficially, that is a reasonably basic question. However, the point is not to determine whether or not applicants apprehend the idea of a parser however rather have them stroll through the technique of parsing XML documents step-with the aid of-step. Determining whether or not a non-validating or validating parser is needed, selecting the precise parser, and managing errors are all vital elements to this technique that should be blanketed inside the candidate's response.

Java Tutorial
Question 14. Give Some Examples Of Xml Dtds Or Schemas That You Have Worked With?

Answer :

Although XML does no longer require statistics to be verified in opposition to a DTD, a number of the advantages of the use of the generation are derived from being capable of validate XML documents in opposition to commercial enterprise or technical structure regulations. Polling for the list of DTDs that developers have worked with presents insight to their fashionable exposure to the era. The perfect candidate can have know-how of numerous of the commonly used DTDs along with FpML, DocBook, HRML, and RDF, as well as revel in designing a custom DTD for a specific challenge wherein no wellknown existed.

Question 15. Using Xslt, How Would You Extract A Specific Attribute From An Element In An Xml Document?

Answer :

Successful candidates have to recognize this as one of the maximum primary packages of XSLT. If they are no longer able to assemble a reply similar to the example underneath, they should at the least be able to perceive the components vital for this operation: xsl:template to healthy the precise XML detail, xsl:value-of to select the attribute price, and the elective xsl:practice-templates to continue processing the file.
Extract Attributes from XML Data
Example 1.
<xsl:template match="element-name">
Attribute Value:
<xsl:value-of select="@attribute"/>
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</xsl:template>

Java Interview Questions
Question sixteen. When Constructing An Xml Dtd, How Do You Create An External Entity Reference In An Attribute Value?

Answer :

Every interview session should have at least one trick query. Although possible while the use of SGML, XML DTDs don't guide defining external entity references in characteristic values. It's greater essential for the candidate to reply to this query in a logical way than the candidate recognise the some what difficult to understand answer.

CSS Tutorial
Question 17. How Would You Build A Search Engine For Large Volumes Of Xml Data?

Answer :

The way candidates answer this query may offer insight into their view of XML facts. For individuals who view XML primarily as a way to indicate shape for textual content documents, a commonplace answer is to build a complete-text search and handle the records in addition to the manner Internet portals take care of HTML pages. Others do not forget XML as a general manner of transferring established data among disparate structures. These candidates frequently describe a few scheme of uploading XML right into a relational or item database and counting on the database's engine for searching. Lastly, candidates that have worked with vendors specializing on this location often say that the high-quality way the take care of this case is to apply a 3rd birthday celebration software program package deal optimized for XML records.

CSS Interview Questions
Question 18. Does Xml Replace Html?

Answer :

No. XML itself does now not update HTML. Instead, it presents an alternative which permits you to define your own set of markup elements. HTML is expected to remain in not unusual use for a while to come back, and the cutting-edge version of HTML is in XML syntax. XML is designed to make the writing of DTDs plenty simpler than with full SGML.

HTML Interview Questions
Question 19. Do I Have To Know Html Or Sgml Before I Learn Xml?

Answer :

No, although it's useful because plenty of XML terminology and exercise derives from  decades'revel in of SGML. Be conscious that ‘understanding HTML’ is not the same as ‘information SGML’. Although HTML changed into written as an SGML utility, browsers forget about maximum of it (that's why so many useful matters don't paintings), so simply due to the fact something is completed a positive manner in HTML browsers does not suggest it's accurate, least of all in XML.

Java XML Tutorial
Question 20. Is There An Xml Version Of Html?

Answer :

Yes, the W3C recommends using XHTML that's ‘a reformulation of HTML four in XML 1.Zero’. This specification defines HTML as an XML software, and gives three DTDs corresponding to the ones described by HTML 4.* (Strict, Transitional, and Frameset).

The semantics of the elements and their attributes are as described inside the W3C Recommendation for HTML 4. These semantics offer the foundation for future extensibility of XHTML. Compatibility with current HTML browsers is viable by using following a small set of tips

XSLT Interview Questions
Question 21. If Xml Is Just A Subset Of Sgml, Can I Use Xml Files Directly With Existing Sgml Tools?

Answer :

Yes, furnished you dissipate-to-date SGML software program which is aware of approximately the WebSGML Adaptations TC to ISO 8879 (the features had to support XML, together with the variation shape for EMPTY elements; some aspects of the SGML Declaration including NAMECASE GENERAL NO; multiple attribute token listing declarations, and so forth).

An alternative is to use an SGML DTD to allow you to create a totally-normalised SGML document, but one which does now not use empty factors; after which put off the DocType Declaration so it turns into a well-shaped DTDless XML report. Most SGML gear now take care of XML files nicely, and provide an alternative transfer among the two standards.

Question 22. How Do I Configure An Xpointer Processor?

Answer :

There is no required configuration for the XPointer Framework. The uberjar command line application affords a few configuration alternatives. Applications configure person XPointer processors once they obtain an example from the proper XPointerProcessor factory method.

EbXML Tutorial
Question 23. Who Can Create An Xml Namespace?

Answer :

Anybody can create an XML namespace -- all you need to do is assign a URI as its call and determine what element kind and characteristic names are in it. The URI have to be underneath your manage and must not be being used to identify a extraordinary XML namespace, consisting of by way of a coworker.

Java XML Interview Questions
Question 24. Do Xml Namespaces Apply To Entity Names, Notation Names, Or Processing Instruction Targets?

Answer :

No.
XML namespaces apply only to detail kind and attribute names. Furthermore, in an XML documentthat conforms to the XML namespaces recommendation, entity names, notation names, and processing instruction objectives have to not include colons.

PHP Interview Questions
Question 25. Are The Names Of All Element Types And Attributes In Some Xml Namespace?

Answer :

No. 
If an element type or characteristic call is not specially declared to be in an XML namespace -- this is, it's miles unprefixed and (within the case of detail type names) there is no default XML namespace -- then that call isn't in any XML namespace. If you want, you can consider it as having a null URI as its call, although no "null" XML namespace simply exists. For instance, in the following, the detail type call B and the attribute names C and E aren't in any XML namespace: 
<google:A xmlns:google="http://www.Google.Org/">
<B C="bar"/>
<google:D E="bar"/>
</google:A>

XML DOM Tutorial
Question 26. How Does An Application Know Which Address Element Type It Is Processing?

Answer :

One answer is to truly rename one of the Address detail sorts -- for example, we should rename the second one detail kind IPAddress. However, this isn't a useful long time solution. One of the hopes of XML is that humans will standardize XML languages for various difficulty regions and write modular code to method the ones languages. By reusing present languages and code, human beings can speedy outline new languages and write applications that system them. If we rename the second Address detail type to IPAddress, we can spoil any code that expects the antique name. A higher answer is to assign each language (along with its Address element kind) to a extraordinary namespace. This permits us to keep using the Address call in every language, however to differentiate among the two specific element types. The mechanism by means of which we do this is XML namespaces. Note that by assigning each Address call to an XML namespace, we certainly trade the call to a -part call including the call of the XML namespace plus the name Address. This way that any code that recognizes just the name Address will want to be changed to apprehend the new -part call. However, this most effective needs to be finished once, as the 2-element call is universally particular.

XMLHttpRequest (XHR) Interview Questions
Question 27. How Can I Include A Conditional Statement In My Xml?

Answer :

You cannot: XML is not a programming language, so that you can not say things like 
<google if DB="A">bar</google> 

If you want to make an detail elective, primarily based on some inner or outside standards, you can accomplish that in a Schema. DTDs don't have any internal referential mechanism, so it isn't possible to explicit this kind of conditionality in a DTD on the person detail degree. 

It is possible to express presence-or-absence conditionality in a DTD for the entire record, with the aid of the use of parameter entities as switches to consist of or forget about positive sections of the DTD based totally on settings both hardwired inside the DTD or provided inside the inner subset. Both the TEI and Docbook DTDs use this mechanism to implement modularity. 

Alternatively you could make the detail completely non-compulsory within the DTD or Schema, and provide code in your processing software that assessments for its presence or absence. This defers the checking till the processing level: one of the motives for Schemas is to provide this type of checking on the time of report introduction or editing.

I ought to do a top level view of XML for my supervisor/patron/investor/advisor. 

ASP.NET Interview Questions
Question 28. How Do I Use Graphics In Xml?

Answer :

Graphics have traditionally just been links which manifest to have a image file at the stop rather than any other piece of text. They can consequently be implemented in any way supported via the XLink and XPointer specs consisting of the use of comparable syntax to current HTML pictures. They also can be referenced the usage of XML's integrated NOTATION and ENTITY mechanism in a similar way to conventional SGML, as external unparsed entities.

However, the SVG specification lets you use XML markup to draw vector photographs gadgets directly in your XML record. This presents substantial strength for the inclusion of transportable photos, specially interactive or lively sequences, and it's miles now slowly becoming supported in browsers.

The XML linking specifications for external photographs come up with lots higher manipulate over the traversal and activation of links, so an author can specify, as an example, whether or not to have an picture appear while the web page is loaded, or on a click on from the consumer, or in a separate window, without having to motel to scripting.

XML itself does not predicate or limit graphic document formats: GIF, JPG, TIFF, PNG, CGM, EPS, and SVG at a minimum might appear to make feel; but, vector formats (EPS, SVG) are commonly important for non-photographic pix (diagrams).

You cannot embed a uncooked binary portraits report (or some other binary [non-text] statistics) directly into an XML file due to the fact any bytes taking place to resemble markup could get misinterpreted: you should refer to it by way of linking (see under). It is, but, viable to consist of a text-encoded transformation of a binary file as a CDATA Marked Section, using something like UUencode with the markup characters ], & and > eliminated from the map so they couldn't arise as an faulty CDATA termination series and be misinterpreted. You could even use easy hexadecimal encoding as utilized in PostScript. For vector pics, however, the solution is to use SVG .

Sound documents are binary objects in the identical manner that external portraits are, so we can handiest be referenced externally. Music files written in MusiXML or an XML variant of SMDL ought to but be embedded within the equal way as for SVG.

The point approximately the use of entities to manipulate your pics is that you may hold the list of entity declarations cut loose the rest of the document, so that you can re-use the names if an picture is wanted extra than as soon as, but simplest keep the physical report specification in a single vicinity. This is available handiest whilst the use of a DTD, now not a Schema.

XML-RPC Tutorial
Question 29. How Do I Control Formatting And Appearance?

Answer :

In HTML, default styling become built into the browsers because the tagset of HTML become predefined and hardwired into browsers. In XML, wherein you can define your own tagset, browsers can't likely be predicted to wager or understand in advance what names you're going to use and what they'll mean, so you need a stylesheet in case you want to show formatted textual content. Browsers which study XML will accept and use a CSS stylesheet at a minimum, however you could also use the more powerful XSLT stylesheet language to transform your XML into HTML—which browsers, of course, already know the way to show (and that HTML can still use a CSS stylesheet). This manner you get all of the document management benefits of the use of XML, however you do not need to worry about your readers needing XML smarts of their browsers.

EbXML Interview Questions
Question 30. How Do I Execute Or Run An Xml File?

Answer :

XML itself isn't a programming language, so XML documents do not ‘run' or ‘execute'. XML is a markup specification language and XML files are simply data: they sit there until you run a software which shows them (like a browser) or does a few paintings with them (like a converter which writes the statistics in any other format, or a database which reads the information), or modifies them (like an editor). If you need to view or show an XML report, open it with an XML editor or an query B.Three, XML browser. The water is muddied by way of XSL (each XSLT and XSL:FO) which use XML syntax to implement a declarative programming language. In these instances it's miles controversial that you could ‘execute' XML code, by jogging a processing utility like Saxon, which compiles the directives laid out in XSLT files into Java bytecode to method XML.

Question 31. Can I Use Javascript, Activex, Etc In Xml Files?

Answer :

This will rely upon what facilities your customers' browsers put in force. XML is about describing records; scripting languages and languages for embedded functionality are software which enables the facts to be manipulated on the consumer's stop, so those languages do now not generally have any area in an XML document itself, however in stylesheets like XSL and CSS wherein they may be brought to generated HTML. XML itself offers a way to define the markup had to put into effect scripting languages: as a impartial trendy it neither encourages no longer discourages their use, and does now not favour one language over any other, so it's miles feasible to apply XML markup to save this system code, from where it may be retrieved by (for instance) XSLT and re-expressed in a HTML script element. Server-facet script embedding, like PHP or ASP, can be used with the relevant server to regulate the XML code on the fly, because the record is served, just as they are able to with HTML. Authors need to be aware, but, that embedding server-aspect scripting might also mean the record as saved is not legitimate XML: it most effective turns into valid when processed and served, so care ought to be taken while the usage of validating editors or different software program to handle or control such files. A better answer can be to apply an XML serving answer like Cocoon, AxKit, or PropelX.

XSD Tutorial
Question 32. Can I Use Java To Create Or Manage Xml Files?

Answer :

Yes, any programming language can be used to output statistics from any supply in XML format. There is a developing range of front-ends and lower back-ends for programming environments and statistics control environments to automate this. Java is just the maximum popular one at the moment. There is a massive body of middleware (APIs) written in Java and different languages for managing facts both in XML or with XML input or output.

XML DOM Interview Questions
Question 33. How Does Xml Handle Metadata?

Answer :

Because XML lets you outline your very own markup languages, you could make complete use of the prolonged hypertext functions of XML (see the question on Links) to save or link to metadata in any layout (eg the use of ISO 11179, as a Topic Maps Published Subject, with Dublin Core, Warwick Framework, or with Resource Description Framework (RDF), or maybe Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS)). There aren't any predefined elements in XML, due to the fact it's far an architecture, now not an application, so it isn't part of XML's activity to specify how or if authors have to or must now not put into effect metadata. You are consequently free to use any suitable technique. Browser makers can also have their very own architectural guidelines or strategies to propose.

PHP5 Interview Questions
Question 34. Can I Encode Mathematics Using Xml ?

Answer :

Yes, if the report type you use affords for math, and your users' browsers are capable of rendering it. The mathematics-using network has developed the MathML Recommendation on the W3C, which is a local XML application suitable for embedding in other DTDs and Schemas. It is likewise possible to make XML fragments from different DTDs, such as ISO 12083 Math, or OpenMath, or one in every of your personal making. Browsers which show math embedded in SGML existed for decades (eg DynaText, Panorama, Multidoc Pro), and mainstream browsers are actually rendering MathML. David Carlisle has produced a set of stylesheets for rendering MathML in browsers. It is likewise possible to use XSLT to convert XML math markup to LATEX for print (PDF) rendering, or to apply XSL:FO. Please word that XML isn't itself a programming language, so principles such as mathematics and if-statements (if-then-else logic) are not significant in XML documents.

Question 35. How Do I Get Xml Into Or Out Of A Database?

Answer :

Ask your database manufacturer: all of them offer XML import and export modules to attach XML programs with databases. In some trivial instances there can be a 1:1 fit between field names within the database desk and detail kind names in the XML Schema or DTD, however in maximum instances some programming will be required to set up the preferred suit. This can commonly be saved as a method in order that subsequent makes use of are truely commands or calls with the relevant parameters. In less trivial, however nonetheless easy, instances, you could export by writing a record recurring that codecs the output as an XML file, and you can import through writing an XSLT transformation that formatted the XML information as a load document.

Question 36. Can A Root Element Type Be Explicitly Declared In The Dtd?

Answer :

No. This is accomplished inside the file's Document Type Declaration, now not within the DTD.

Java Interview Questions
Question 37. How Do I Create My Own Document Type?

Answer :

Document sorts commonly need a formal description, either a DTD or a Schema. Whilst it's far possible to process well-shaped XML files with out this kind of description, looking to create them with out one is requesting problem. A DTD or Schema is used with an XML editor or API interface to manual and control the construction of the document, ensuring the proper factors go in the proper locations.

Creating your very own document kind therefore starts with an evaluation of the elegance of files you want to describe: reports, invoices, letters, configuration files, credit score-card verification requests, or anything. Once you've got the structure accurate, you write code to express this formally, using DTD or Schema syntax.

Question 38. Does Xml Let Me Make Up My Own Tags?

Answer :

No, it lets you make up names to your very own element sorts. If you observed tags and elements are the equal issue you're already in vast problem: study the rest of this query cautiously.

Question 39. Xlink Markup Design

Answer :

Link markup wishes to be recognized reliably by XLink packages so as to be traversed and handled well. XLink makes use of the mechanism described within the Namespaces in XML Recommendation [XML Names] to accomplish reputation of the constructs in the XLink vocabulary.

Question forty. What Three Essential Components Of Security Does The Xml Signatures Provide?

Answer :

authentication, message integrity, and non-repudiation. In addition to signature records, an XML Signature can also incorporate data describing the important thing used to signal the content material.

CSS Interview Questions
Question 41. What's Xlink?

Answer :

This specification defines the XML Linking Language (XLink), which permits factors to be inserted into XML files in order to create and describe links among sources. It uses XML syntax to create structures that could describe links similar to the simple unidirectional links of today’s HTML, as well as greater sophisticated hyperlinks.

Question 42. What Xpointer Schemes Are Supported In This Release?

Answer :

The XPointer integration distributions aid shorthand hints.
In addition, they bundle assist for at last the following XPointer schemes:
* xmlns()
* detail()
* xpath() - This isn't a W3C described XPointer scheme because W3C has not posted an XPointer sheme for XPath.

XSLT Interview Questions
Question forty three. What About Non-xml Resources?

Answer :

You can use the XPointer Framework with non-XML resources. This is mainly effective whilst your aid is subsidized by some form of a DBMS, or while you want to query a records version, which includes RDF, and not the XML syntax of a illustration of that records model. However, please be aware that the authoratitive interpretation of the fragment identifier is decided by means of the Internet Media Type. If you want to opt-in for XPointer, then you may constantly create submit your very own Internet Media Type with IANA and specify that it helps the XPointer Framework for a few sort of non-XML resource. In this example, you'll need to claim your very own XPointer schemes as nicely.

Question 44. Can I Resolve The Uri Used As An Xml Namespace Name?

Answer :

Yes.

Question forty five. Can I Use A Relative Uri As A Namespace Name?

Answer :

Yes. However, such usage is deprecated, so you should in no way do it.

Question 46. What Is An Xml Namespace Name?

Answer :

An XML namespace name is a URI that uniquely identifies the namespace. URIs are used due to the fact they are widely understood and nicely documented. Because human beings can also handiest allocate URIs under their manipulate, it is straightforward to ensure that no  XML namespaces are diagnosed through the same URI.

Question 47. What Happens If There Is No Prefix On An Element Type Name?

Answer :

If a default XML namespace statement is in scope, then the detail type call is inside the default XML namespace. Otherwise, the element kind name is not in any XML namespace.

Question 48. Can I Use The Same Prefix For More Than One Xml Namespace?

Answer :

Yes.

Question forty nine. What Is An Xml Namespace Prefix?

Answer :

An XML namespace prefix is a prefix used to specify that a neighborhood detail type or attribute name is in a selected XML namespace.

Question 50. What Is A Qualified Name?

Answer :

A qualified name is a name of the subsequent shape. It includes an optionally available prefix and colon, followed with the aid of the nearby element, that is once in a while referred to as a local name.
Prefix:local-part
–OR–
nearby-element

Question fifty one. What Does A Namespace-aware Application Do When It Encounters An Error?

Answer :

The XML namespaces advice does no longer specify what a namespace-aware software does when it encounters a document that does not agree to the advice. Therefore, the behavior is software-structured.

For example, the utility ought to stop processing, publish an mistakes to a log and retain processing, or ignore the mistake.

Question 52. Can An Application Be Both Namespace-aware And Namespace-unaware?

Answer :

Yes.
However, there is commonly no motive to do this. The motive is that maximum programs understand a specific XML language, together with one used to switch income orders among groups. If the detail kind and attribute names within the language belong to an XML namespace, the application need to be namespace-conscious; if now not, the utility have to be namespace-unaware.

For some packages, being each namespace-aware and namespace-unaware makes feel. For example, a parser may select to redefine validity in phrases of universal names and feature each namespace-conscious and namespace-unaware validation modes. However, such packages are unusual.

Question 53. Can An Application Process Documents That Use Xml Namespaces And Documents That Don't Use Xml Namespaces?

Answer :

Yes.
This is a commonplace situation for conventional packages, together with editors, browsers, and parsers, that aren't wired to understand a selected XML language. Such programs truly treat all detail type and characteristic names as qualified names. Those names that aren't mapped to an XML namespace — that is, unprefixed element kind names in the absence of a default XML namespace and unprefixed attribute names — are clearly processed as one-part names, which include by way of using a null XML namespace call (URI).

Question fifty four. How Do I Use Xml Namespaces With Sax 2.Zero?

Answer :

SAX 2.0 in general supports XML namespaces thru the subsequent strategies: * startElement and endElement inside the ContentHandler interface return namespace names (URIs) and nearby names as well as qualified names. * getValue, getType, and getIndex in the Attributes interface can retrieve characteristic facts by means of namespace name (URI) and nearby call as well as by means of certified call.

Question 55. How Do Applications Process Documents That Use Xml Namespaces?

Answer :

Applications process documents that use XML namespaces in nearly exactly the same way they technique documents that don’t use XML namespaces. For instance, if a namespace-unaware utility adds a brand new income order to a database when it encounters a Sales Order element, the equivalent namespace-conscious utility does the equal. The most effective difference is that the namespace-conscious application:
* Might want to test for xmlns attributes and parse qualified names. Whether it does this depends on whether such processing is already performed by means of decrease-level software, together with a namespace-conscious DOM implementation.
* Uses well-known (two-part) names rather than local (one-element) names.

Question 56. What Software Is Needed To Process Xml Namespaces?

Answer :

From a report writer’s attitude, that is typically now not a applicable question. Most XML documents are written in a selected XML language and processed through an utility that knows that language. If the language uses an XML namespace, then the software will already use that namespace — there is no want for any special XML namespace software program.

Question 57. How Do I Create Documents That Use Xml Namespaces?

Answer :

The same as you create files that don’t use XML namespaces. If you’re currently using Notepad on Windows or emacs on Linux, you can preserve the use of Notepad or emacs. If you’re the usage of an XML editor that isn't always namespace-conscious, you may also hold to use that, as qualified names are prison names in XML files and xmlns attributes are criminal attributes. And if you’re the usage of an XML editor this is namespace-conscious, it's going to possibly offer functions such as routinely maintaining XML namespaces and retaining track of prefixes and the default XML namespace for you.

Question 58. Can I Use Qualified Names In Dtds?

Answer :

Yes.
For instance, the following is criminal:
<!ELEMENT google:A (google:B)>
<!ATTLIST google:A
google:C CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ELEMENT google:B (#PCDATA)>

However, because XML namespace declarations do no longer apply to DTDs , qualified names within the DTD can't be converted to familiar names.

As a result, certified names within the DTD have no special that means.

For instance, google:A is simply google:A — it isn't always A inside the XML namespace to which the prefix google is mapped.

The cause qualified names are allowed within the DTD is in order that validation will retain to paintings.

Question fifty nine. Do Xml Namespace Declarations Apply To Dtds?

Answer :

No.
In specific, an xmlns characteristic declared in the DTD with a default isn't an XML namespace statement for the DTD.. (Note that an in advance model of MSXML (the parser utilized by Internet Explorer) did use such declarations as XML namespace declarations, but that this turned into removed in MSXML 4.

Question 60. Does The Scope Of An Xml Namespace Declaration Ever Include The Dtd?

Answer :

No.
XML namespaces can be declared handiest on factors and their scope consists handiest of those elements and their descendants. Thus, the scope can in no way encompass the DTD.

Question sixty one. How Can I Declare Xml Namespaces So That All Elements And Attributes Are In Their Scope?

Answer :

XML namespace declarations which might be made on the basis element are in scope for all factors and attributes inside the document. This manner that an clean manner to declare XML namespaces is to declare them handiest on the foundation element.

Question sixty two. What Is The Scope Of An Xml Namespace Declaration?

Answer :

The scope of an XML namespace assertion is that part of an XML record to which the announcement applies. An XML namespace announcement stays in scope for the detail on which it's miles declared and all of its descendants, except it is overridden or undeclared on one of these descendants.

Question sixty three. How Do I Undeclare The Default Xml Namespace?

Answer :

To “undeclare” the default XML namespace, you claim a default XML namespace with an empty (zero-duration) call (URI). Within the scope of this declaration, unprefixed detail type names do not belong to any XML namespace. For instance, inside the following, the default XML namespace is the http://www.Google.Org/ for the A and B elements and there is no default XML namespace for the C and D elements. That is, the names A and B are inside the http://www.Google.Org/ namespace and the names C and D are not in any XML namespace.
<A xmlns=”http://www.Google.Org/”>
<B>
<C xmlns=”">
<D>abcd</D>
</C>
</B>
</A>

Question sixty four. Explain About Soap?

Answer :

SOAP acts as a medium to provide simple messaging framework. On those simple messaging frameworks summary layers are constructed. It transfers messages across the board in distinct protocols; it additionally acts as a medium to transmit XML based messages over the community.

Question 65. Give An Example About The Functioning Of Soap?

Answer :

Consider a real estate database with huge information levels. If a consumer desires to search about a specific time period, the message with all of the required functions which includes rate, availability, location, and so on can be lower back to the person in an XML formatted file which the consumer can integrate into 0.33 party web page for additional performance.

Question 66. Explain About Remote Call Procedure?

Answer :

Remote name manner is taken into consideration as a totally crucial characteristic in SOAP. In RCP a person (node) sends a request to some other node (server) in which the data is tactics and despatched to the consumer. It at once sends message throughout the community.

Question sixty seven. Explain About Transport Methods In Soap?

Answer :

Internet software layer is used to switch messages from one cease to another quit. Various products had been transported effectively from one give up to every other end the usage of SOAP. Both SMTP and HTTP are two a success delivery protocols utilized in transmitting statistics, but HTTP has won good ground than HTTP.

Question sixty eight. Explain About Https In Soap?

Answer :

HTTPS is similar to HTTP but it has an extra layer beneath the net software layer which makes the information encrypted. This protocol is extensively used than IOP or DCOM because those protocols are filtered with the aid of firewalls. HTTPS protocol advocates WS-I approach to provide protection for transmission of secured facts.

Question 69. Explain About The Role Of Xml In Soap?

Answer :

XML is selected as a popular layout because it turned into already in use by using many huge companies and immensely because of its open supply nature. A extensive kind of gear are available on cabinets which ease the manner of transition to SOAP. XML can notably lessen the rate and efficiency however binary XML is being taken into consideration as a format for future.

Question 70. What Are The Advantages Which A User Can Get When He Uses Soap?

Answer :

• SOAP by means of passes all firewalls consequently making the system simpler.
• It has massive collection of protocols
• It is platform and language impartial
• Simplicity and extensible nature makes it the most wanted

Question 71. State Some Disadvantages Due To The Usage Of Soap?

Answer :

1) SOAP is a great deal slower than middleware technology
2) Due to the usage of HTTP for transporting messages and no longer the defined ESB or WS-Addressing interplay of parties over a message is constant.
Three) Information regarding the usability of HTTP for one of a kind functions isn't always present which makes the utility protocol degree complicated.

Question 72. Explain About Message Passing In Rpc?

Answer :

RPC could be very friendly in enforcing the purchaser to server interplay version which makes it very prominent. When the server is interacting and attempting to find statistics the consumer side messaging is blocked and server activity is going on. RPC has large pool of protocols which at times make it hard to paintings with. Client server interaction may be fine completed with the aid of RPC.

Question 73. Explain The Difference Between Rpc And Local Calls?

Answer :

An crucial difference among Remote call method and local name is that faraway name can fail often and this takes place with out the information of the consumer. Local calls are without difficulty treated. Another important problem lies with the code writing capability due to the fact it's far written in a low degree language.

Question 74. What Are The Elements Which Should Be Contained In Soap Message?

Answer :

Following factors are contained within the SOAP message.
1) An envelope element which identifies and translates the XML report right into a SOAP message.
2) A header detail is a have to as it should include header message.
3) A body is needed which need to include call and response message.
Four) Fault element is needed which could speak about the mistakes passed off throughout the manner

Question 75. Explain About The Syntax Rules In Soap?

Answer :

Some of the crucial syntax regulations are as follows
1) SOAP need to be coded in XML
2) SOAP envelope should be used for SOAP message
3) A SOAP encoding namespace have to be used by SOAP.
Four) A DTD reference and a XML processing coaching need to now not be contained.

Question seventy six. Explain About The Encoding Style Attribute?

Answer :

This is used to outline the facts kinds in the report. Any SOAP detail may additionally use this format and it gets applied on the child and contents of the SOAP. SOAP element will by no means have a default encoding.

Question 77. Explain About The Soap Envelope Element?

Answer :

A SOAP message may have the SOAP element as the root element. SOAP detail call area ought to usually have the value of : as that defines the Envelope.

Question seventy eight. Explain About The Actor Element?

Answer :

A SOAP message has to journey a very long distance among its consumer and server but throughout the process part of the message may be intended to be deployed to another destination that's made viable by way of the SOAP elements actor characteristic which deal with the header element to a particular vicinity.

Question 79. Explain About The Mustunderstand Attribute?

Answer :

This characteristic suggests whether or not the header is non-obligatory or obligatory for the recipient to manner. If you upload mustUnderstand =”1” to the child detail of the header element then it states that the header detail should be processed in any other case it results in failure.

Question 80. Explain About The Soap Body Element?

Answer :

This a part of the detail will contain the message which is intended for the ultimate delivery point. An element may be described in the body detail as a default namespace which suggests approximately the mistake message for the duration of the technique. SOAP element acts similar to a code to be processed for the duration of the execution of a certain software.

Question 81. Does The W3c Support Any Web Service Standards?

Answer :

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is actively pursuing standardization of Web service protocols. In September 2000, the W3C set up an XML Protocol Activity. The aim of the group is to set up a proper popular for SOAP. A draft model of SOAP 1.2 is currently underneath review, and progressing through the authentic W3C advice technique.

On January 25, 2002, the W3C additionally announced the formation of a Web Service Activity. This new pastime will include the present day SOAP paintings in addition to  new corporations. The first new group is the Web Services Description Working Group, so that you can soak up paintings on WSDL. The second new group is the Web Services Architecture Working Group, with a purpose to try to create a cohesive framework for Web service protocols.

Question 82. How Do I Get Started With Web Services?

Answer :

The simplest way to get commenced with Web offerings is to analyze XML-RPC. Check out the XML-RPC specification or examine my e-book, Web Services Essentials. O'Reilly has additionally lately launched a e-book on Programming Web Services with XML-RPC by way of Simon St.Laurent, Joe Johnston, and Edd Dumbill.

Once you have learned the basics of XML-RPC, move onto SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. These topics are also blanketed in Web Services Essentials. For a comprehensive remedy of SOAP, take a look at out O'Reilly's Programming Web Services with SOAP, through Doug Tidwell, James Snell, and Pavel Kulchenko.

Question 83. What Is Soap? Explain Its Purpose.

Answer :

SOAP is the acronym for Simple Object Access Protocol. XML primarily based messages over a network of computers are exchanged by means of the use of SOAP popular, the use of HTTP.
SOAP cause:
A net carrier needs a mixture of XML, HTTP and a protocol that's software-particular. A net service uses XML records for exchanging. The weather provider, stock quote service, look up service of postal branch are all sending XML messages and receiving an XML reply. This is the sample that dominates the web offerings. To perform these net offerings, SOAP is the reliable protocol. 

Question 84. Give Examples Where Soap Is Used?

Answer :

Remote techniques over a couple of systems and technologies are used with HTTP. SOAP is XML based protocol and platform-agnostic. Each software makes use of unique era. This may additionally reason problems with proxy server and firewalls. SOAP is the answer for this case.

Industries transport the request for locating fine direction and first-class cost price. So the software transfers a request to other comparable offerings which uses SOAP.

Question 85. What Are Transport Methods In Soap?

Answer :

Application layer and shipping layers of a community are utilized by SOAP. SMTP and HTTP are the valid software layer protocol makes use of as delivery for SOAP. Wider recognition is won by HTTP, as it works better with the cutting-edge net infrastructure, specially with firewalls.

Question 86. What Is The Function Of Smon?

Answer :

The SMON heritage process plays all machine monitoring capabilities on the oracle database. Each time oracle is re-started, SMON plays a warm begin and makes positive that the transactions that were left incomplete at the ultimate shut down are recovered.

SMON performs periodic cleanup of brief segments which are not needed.

Question 87. Explain Different Types Of Segment.

Answer :

There are four kinds of segments used in Oracle databases:
- records segments
- index segments
- rollback segments
- brief segments

Question 88. What Is In Operator?

Answer :

IN operator in a question lets in you to have a couple of values in a WHERE clause.

Question 89. What Is Like Operator?

Answer :

LIKE in oracle enables the person to look for a string of the matching type. “%” is used as a wild card in the query.

Question ninety. Define Is Null Operator.

Answer :

IS NULL operator is generally used to check if a columns cost is NULL or now not.

Question 91. What Is Nvl() Function?

Answer :

Oracle offers with Null values using NVL characteristic. The function replaces the NULL cost inside the given column with the value offer to it. The characteristic accepts two parameters, the primary one is the column call and the second one is the price with which NULL has to get replaced.
Example
Select Amount – NVL(Disc, zero) from Price

Question 92. Describe The Role That Xsl Can Play When Dynamically Generating Html Pages From A Relational Database.

Answer :

Even if candidates have in no way participated in a venture concerning this sort