Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is A Wireless Sensor Network?

Answer :

A wi-fi sensor network includes three foremost components:  gateways, nodes, and software program.  The NI WSN platform affords options in every of these categories so you can customize your WSN to meet the precise desires of your utility.

Wireless measurement structures can triumph over electricity and community infrastructure barriers and meet new and formerly difficult application challenges. They deliver reduced fees and extended flexibility compared to conventional wired size structures, and they provide the ability to achieve lengthy-time period deployments with reliable, battery-powered devices. 

Question 2. What Is The Difference Between Ni Wireless Compactdaq And Ni Wsn Devices?

Answer :

NI Wireless CompactDAQ devices integrate IEEE 802.11b/g wireless or Ethernet conversation, direct sensor connectivity, and the ability of NI-DAQmx software program for a breadth of faraway dimension and control alternatives. Externally powered, NI Wi-Fi DAQ gadgets can stream non-stop waveform facts on each channel at greater than 50 kS/s and offer the best commercially available network security (WPA2 Enterprise). These gadgets are meant for shorter term, excessive throughput/streaming packages, in that you have a unmarried host related in your wireless purchaser devices.

NI WSNs deliver low-electricity measurement nodes that perform for up to a few years on four AA batteries and can be deployed for long-term, faraway operation. The wireless dimension nodes speak with a central gateway using a protocol primarily based on IEEE 802.15.Four to offer mesh routing abilties that increase network distance and reliability. NI WSN structures help decrease information prices to keep electricity, are effortlessly programmed using I/O variables.  These devices are meant for long run, slower velocity applications in that you is probably interested by monitoring your assets or environment once per minute, hour, or day.  NI WSN helps a couple of facts customers according to purchaser, which means multiple human beings can get entry to data from your WSN monitoring system any in which, any time.

Networking Interview Questions
Question 3. What Wsn Products Are Available From Ni?

Answer :

Consult the NI WSN Product and Configuration Guide to rise up up to now statistics on the unique node, gateway, and software program options available from NI.

Question four. What Are The Features Of These Products?

Answer :

The dimension nodes each provide four analog input channels and two to four digital channels that you may configure on a according to-channel basis for enter, sinking output, or sourcing output. Four AA alkaline or lithium batteries can deliver up to a 3-12 months node lifetime. The measurement nodes supply -forty to 70 °C temperature stages and industrial shock and vibration rankings, and that they talk via 2.Four GHz IEEE 802.15.Four radios that offer up to 300 m outdoor range with line of sight. The nine to 30 V externally-powered gateways provides bendy connectivity to Windows or real-time OS controllers.

Networking Tutorial
Question five. Will Ni Offer More Measurement Options In The Future?

Answer :

Yes, NI plans to retain funding in WSN technology and offer a breadth of dimension node I/O alternatives which might be compatible with the cutting-edge product imparting.

Switching Interview Questions
Question 6. Which Network Protocol Does The Ni Wsn Devices Use?

Answer :

The proprietary NI WSN protocol is based totally on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee generation. The IEEE 802.15.Four communique general defines the Physical and Medium Access Control layers in the networking version, supplying communication in three frequency bands together with the two.Four GHz ISM band. ZigBee builds on the 802.15.Four wellknown with the community and alertness layers, supplying capabilities such as device coordination, reliability through mesh networking topologies, and the capability to create person-defined profiles that allow for customization and flexibility in the protocol. NI-WSN sits on top of the ZigBee layer and closes the protocol to third-celebration gadgets, making sure network and information reliability.

Question 7. How Is The Network Configured?

Answer :

With NI-WSN software program, that's included with the NI WSN gateways (or downloaded here), you could effortlessly configure your network inside the Measurement & Automation Explorer (MAX) software. MAX affords an intuitive person interface to add and cast off measurement nodes and configure wi-fi settings. To installation your NI WSN, add your gateway under Remote Systems in MAX and assign measurement nodes to a gateway by means of coming into the node serial quantity. Upon power-up or reset, the nodes automatically reconnect to the assigned gateway. 
You also can use MAX to view all the nodes to your WSN and their closing communique time, battery reputation, and hyperlink pleasant. In addition, MAX offers an interface to set the ZigBee communique channel, configure the Gateway IP cope with, wirelessly replace firmware on the measurement nodes, and configure a node to act as an quit tool or mesh router.
If you're the use of the NI 9792 Programmable WSN Gateway, those operations can also be performed from an internet browser.
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Question eight. How Do I Extract Measurement Data From The Wsn?

Answer :

NI-WSN software affords seamless LabVIEW integration so that you can quick and easily extract size statistics from your WSN. After including aNI WSN gateway to a LabVIEW Project, the nodes configured with the gateway in MAX robotically populate inside the LabVIEW Project, providing you with instantaneous get admission to to their I/O and properties. Simply drag and drop I/O variables from the LabVIEW Project to a LabVIEW Block Diagram for records extraction, analysis, and presentation.

Question 9. What Are The Power Requirements For Ni Wsn Devices?

Answer :

The size nodes can perform on 4 1.5 V, number one AA alkaline or Lithium cells or an outside supply. Some NI WSN nodes guide battery lower back-up, which means the node will automatically transfer over to battery electricity if external electricity is lost.  
When nodes are configured as routers, they need to continue to be on to send and acquire facts across the network, and have to be powered with an external source. 
You can use sources apart from wall strength, along with sun or vibration energy harvesting, to offer external energy.
The WSN-9791 and NI 9792 gateways requires an external 9 to 30 V strength supply.
CWNA (Certified Wireless Network Administrator) Interview Questions
Question 10. How Do I Know Which Products Are Certified For My Country?

Answer :

View the Wireless Product Certifications record to decide which products are licensed for use on your geographical vicinity.

Wireless Communication Tutorial
Question 11. How Long Does A Node Operate On Battery Power?

Answer :

Measurement node electricity intake relies upon on a ramification of things which includes sampling c language, temperature, network topology, RF environment, and whether or not or not the node conduct has been customized with the NI LabVIEW WSN Module.  National Instruments has found that with a one-minute pattern c program languageperiod at 25 C, normal battery lifetime is greater than 2 years. 

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Question 12. How Many Nodes Can Connect To A Single Gateway?

Answer :

Creating a reliable network topology is a completely essential thing in constructing your WSN system.  You should carefully bear in mind community topologies and statistics communication paths whilst putting in a WSN device. 

To make sure maximum network reliability, National Instruments suggest which you adhere to the subsequent standards:

Without using router nodes, no more than eight quit nodes can join without delay to a unmarried gateway
Using router nodes, every gateway can hook up with a maximum of 36 total nodes (routers + end nodes blended)
No more than eight stop nodes can connect to a unmarried router node
Each stop node should be no extra than three hops far from the gateway
To attain the finest amount of cease nodes, NI shows a topology consisting of 1 gateway, 4 router nodes, and 32 end nodes (eight quit nodes for every router).   To acquire the finest coverage distance, NI suggests a topology consisting of one gateway, eight router nodes, and 28 end nodes (seven end nodes for each second-tier router). 
The NI WSN protocol is built on a self-recovery community, which means that the network will automatically re-configure if essential.  Because of this, it is important to research all network possibilities and preserve the eight:1 child-to-discern ratio for all network possibilities while designing your WSN topology.
Networking Interview Questions
Question thirteen. What Is The Range Of The Wireless Communication?

Answer :

The NI WSN Gateways and Measurement Nodes utilize a 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 radio.  The Americas versions of these devices can maintain reliable network communication at an outside variety of three hundred m with line of sight.  Exact device-to-tool range will vary based on geographic version, community traffic, network topology, and RF surroundings.

Question 14. How Fast Can I Acquire Using Ni Wsn Devices?

Answer :

Using default firmware/tool character, wherein inputs are sampled and straight away transmitted to the gateway, the size nodes can sample on the order of 30-60 samples in line with minute.  This rate is person-defined and may be programatically assigned in NI LabVIEW.
Using the programmable nodes and the LabVIEW WSN Module, you could sample quicker regionally and keep or manner the records for transmission at a later time.  Because of this, you may pattern faster than the default prices. View the LabVIEW WSN Benchmarks file for data on sampling faster with NI WSN measurement nodes.
Question 15. Can I Use The Measurement Nodes Outdoors?

Answer :

Yes. NI offers an IP65 outdoor enclosure for the WSN dimension nodes. The NI WSN-3291 outdoor enclosure has two I/O glands for routing electricity or sensor cables, and is distributed with 4 I/O gland inserts so you can custom-tailor the glands to your utility. The enclosure has an external antenna that connects to the node thru an inner SMB connector in addition to an internal mounting plate with locking mechanism to at ease the node interior.
NI additionally gives an IP65 outside enclosure for the NI WSN-9791 Ethernet Gateway.  An outside enclosure for the NI 9792 Programmable WSN Gateway can be supplied soon.
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Question sixteen. What Are The Host Controller Options?

Answer :

Each WSN gateway affords different connectivity and host controller options.  With the NI 9792 Programmable WSN Gateway, no additional host controller is vital, because the device is a LabVIEW Real-Time target and can run unbiased of a host.  A LabVIEW Real-Time application can be deployed to the NI 9792 to mixture facts from size nodes and perform processing and evaluation.  Even though no host controller is vital, you can still connect the NI 9792 to different gadgets, consisting of a windows PC, database, or 1/3 celebration WSN gateways.  The NI 9792 gives twin ethernet ports and an RS-232 serial port to hook up with those kinds of devices.  Furthermore, the NI 9792 has a built-in net server so that you can remotely visualize WSN size statistics in a web browser.

The NI WSN-9791 Ethernet gateway, however, does require using a number controller.  The flexibility of ethernet lets in you to select either a Windows or real-time host controller. The Windows controller can be a PC, business controller, pc, or embedded tool strolling a Windows OS, which includes embedded OSs together with XP Embedded, and LabVIEW for Windows. The real-time controller may be an NI CompactRIO or other programmable automation controller (PAC) running a actual-time OS and LabVIEW Real-Time.

Question 17. Can I Interface With Other Wsns?

Answer :

NI offers LabVIEW drivers for third-party WSN nodes, consisting of the ones from Crossbow, Accsense, and Microstrain, so you can integrate NI WSN measurements with 0.33-birthday party WSN measurements on your LabVIEW code. To communicate with those devices you need to use their gateway.  You cannot use 0.33-party WSN (or other ZigBee) gadgets to communicate immediately with NI WSN gateways because of the proprietary NI WSN communication protocol.

Wireless Testing Interview Questions
Question 18. Can I Program The Node Itself?

Answer :

With the LabVIEW Wireless Sensor Network Module you could use graphical programming to customise node conduct through including intelligence to extend battery lifestyles, growth analog and digital input performance, and interface with custom sensors. You can also use the module to embed nearby intelligence, respond to virtual fee alternate activities, and modify behavior based totally on measurement inputs.
The default conduct of an NI measurement node is to transmit each pattern obtained to the gateway; but, this isn't a demand for many applications and the LabVIEW WSN Module can be used to common samples over time and offer threshold or dead-band common sense, permitting you to extend battery life via transmitting most effective meaningful data. Additionally, acquisition quotes at the node can be expanded via no longer incurring the overhead of transmitting each pattern after acquisition. Using the LabVIEW WSN Module, you may then carry out processing and records discount on the node. LabVIEW WSN programs are downloaded over the air to NI WSN dimension nodes, allowing seamless updates to deployed nodes.
Only the programmable versions of the size nodes may be focused with the aid of the LabVIEW WSN Module Pioneer.
Switching Interview Questions
Question 19. Which Ades Work With Wsn?

Answer :

NI wi-fi sensor networks currently simplest paintings with NI LabVIEW version eight.6.1 and later.

Question 20. How Do I Get Technical Support For Ni Wsn Devices?

Answer :

You can take advantage of the NI WSN Setup and Services web page to find tutorials, drivers, discussion forums and greater.

NI also gives great help options via ni.Com/help. You can name, e mail, or troubleshoot issues on-line with NI engineers. In addition, ni.Com affords a wealth of resources for every consumer – from customers getting began with NI WSNs to professionals seeking out guidelines from the designers.

Online sources consist of the following:

Downloadable drivers and updates for NI-DAQmx and other measurement products
More than 3,000 KnowledgeBase entries
Online product manuals (downloadable assist files and PDFs)
More than three,000 example programs.
Wireless Security Interview Questions
Question 21. What Warranty Is Provided With Ni Wsn Devices?

Answer :

All NI WSN devices have a one-year assurance that covers defects in workmanship and cloth from the date of product shipment. Extended assurance alternatives are available that will let you restore your upkeep prices over two or extra years.