Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Vi?

Answer :

VI is a Visual Editor (for this reason the name -- vi for VIsual). What is a visual editor (rather than a non-visual one)? Visual editors are ones that can help you see the file which you are enhancing as you edit it. This appears quite not unusual in maximum editors nowadays, so the idea of a non-visual editor is a little strange. Examples of non-visual editors are sed, ex, ed, and edlin (the last one being the editor shipped with DOS until extraordinarily lately.)

VI was written through William Joy as part of the bsd distribution of Unix. It was later used by AT&T, and has been standard Unix considering the fact that.

Question 2. What Is The Big Deal About Vi? Why Does Anyone Use It? More Importantly, Why Should *i* Use It?

Answer :

vi is default visible editor underneath Unix, and is consequently shipped with all current model of Unix. (Recent being described as put up 1984 or so.) This means that each time you run across a device that is going for walks a Unix of a few type, you may recognise which you have a effective editor at your finger recommendations. Why else? Vi is a effective editor. Also, as soon as you understand vi, you could edit documents certainly quickly, as it's miles extraordinarily not pricey with the keystrokes. Due to its exclusive modes for putting and issuing commands, it's far a great deal faster than most non-mode based editors. It is also a completely small editor. (The model on my device is 200k) Also, it could do almost some thing, so long as  the way to get it to do what you want.

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Question 3. What Different Operating Systems Is Vi Available For?

Answer :

Unix. That's it. However, there are many, many clones of vi which might be to be had for exceptional working systems. I individually have used vi clones under: Unix, Dos, OS/2, Mac System 7.

Question four. What Are Some Of The Vi Clones That Are Available?

Answer :

Just to listing some: STvi (STevie), elvis, vile, vim, and nvi, xvi.
Elvis is available for: Amiga, DOS, OS/2, Unix, VMS. 
STevie is to be had for: Atari ST, DOS, Unix. 
Nvi is the vi that will ship with BSD four.Four. 
Vim is available for: Amiga, DOS, Mac System 7, Unix. Amiga, DOS, and the supply are to be had at:
ftp.Fu-berlin.De /misc/editors/vim 
vile is available for: DOS, OS/2, Unix, VMS. 
Xvi is to be had for: DOS, Unix.
There are some differences among the unique vi clones. Many offer improvements, but maximum nonetheless allow the commands which can be listed on this report, however there may be a few differences. Refer to the documentation that includes the clone for details.

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Question 5. What Games Will Help Me Learn Vi?

Answer :

This may additionally seem a bit stupid, however there are numerous games on Unix systems that let you learn to use vi. These assist especially with the fundamentals. Although I do not know of any video games that assist with every vi command, I do know of some to help you learn how to use hjkl to move the cursor around. NetHack, a rouge-like game, is specially right for this, as it is a large sport and can be wonderful for pretty a while. Not to make the opposite games sound worse, but a few different ones are: rouge, moria, omega, trojan horse, and snake.

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Question 6. What Is The Difference Between Command Mode & Insert Mode?

Answer :

Often sited as one of the fundamental troubles with vi, and similarly regularly sited as being one in all its fine strengths, vi differentiates between a "Command mode" and an "Insert mode." Understanding this distinction is VITAL to gaining knowledge of vi. When one starts offevolved vi it starts in command mode. In this mode, you can move around the file, and issue instructions to trade positive regions of the text, cut, copy and paste sections of the text and do a lot extra. Insert mode is where you could surely insert textual content. In different words, command mode is used to transport around the file, and insert mode is used to kind text into the record.

Commands inclusive of: a, i, c, C, O, o and others will switch one from command mode to insert mode.

<Esc> or ^C will take one out of insert mode and return one to command mode.

Get used to this difference. It is one of the things that makes vi one-of-a-kind from maximum different editors. It additionally permits one to do plenty of things without taking one's arms from the usual keyboard position.

Question 7. How Do I Search For Text?

Answer :

/<text> will seek forward. ?<text> will seek backwards. ?? Or // will repeat the closing search. It is worth noting that these are quite lots widespread in Unix. In addition, in vi, n will discover the following occurrence. N will repeat the last search, reversing the route. Regular Expressions can be used within searches.

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Question 8. How Do I Search For A Control Sequence?

Answer :

/^V^<seq>

^V will tell vi to take the following character actually, and no longer to take it as a command.

Question nine. How Do I Reformat Text?

Answer :

If your laptop has the program fmt on it, all you want to do is kind !Fmt from insert mode. This will rejustify the textual content from the contemporary region until the end of the paragraph. If your device does not have fmt, you need to find a similar software. (I collect there are many such programs available from the public area, but I do not understand a good deal about them.)

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Question 10. What's The Deal With All Of These : Commands?

Answer :

The commands that follow a : are commands from the ex editor. These allow plenty of flexibility and electricity. For instance, there are numerous distinct methods to search and update, all of with have a few similarities.

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Question 11. How Do You Do A Search And Replace?

Answer :

Well, there are a few strategies. The only is:

:s/antique/new/g But, this handiest does it at the current line... So:
:%s/vintage/new/g In fashionable,
:[range]s/old/new/[cgi]

Where [range] is any line variety, together with numbers, $ (quit of report), . (modern place), % (cutting-edge report), or just two numbers with a sprint among them. (Or even: .,+five to mean the next 5 lines). [cgi] is both c, g, i, or not anything. C tells vi to activate you before the changes, g to alternate all of the occurrences on a line. I tells vi to be case insensitive on the search. No person after the last slash will most effective exchange the primary prevalence on the road.

My preferred technique is:

:g/foobar/s/bar/baz/g This searches for foobar, and changes it to foobaz. It will depart jailbars on my own, which the alternative method will not. This is my preferred technique, however is harder to remember. Of course you could also use ordinary expression search styles, and some other instructions in the replacement part of the text. If you operate ( and ) in the pattern to get away a chain, you could do plenty of nifty matters.

For instance:

:g/(foo)(bar)/s/2/1baz/g will alternate foobar for foobaz.

Special sequences allowed are:

& everything which was matched via the hunt

[1-9] The contents of the 1st-9th () pair
u The subsequent man or woman may be made uppercase
U The characters till e or E may be made uppercase
l The subsequent man or woman may be made lowercase
L The characters till e or E may be made lowercase
[eE] give up the choice for making top or lowercase

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Question 12. How Do I Run A Program From Within Vi?

Answer :

:!Cmd will run this system cmd. :sh will run an interactive shell. Within this shell, you could, if you need, run vi again. This is especially beneficial when you are enhancing makefiles and config files for programs in an try and get a program to bring together. The advantage over :e is which you do now not need to save the record, and it will be in its vintage location when you go out the shell.

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Question thirteen. Any Tips For Making Vi Programmer Friendly?

Answer :

:set ai will make it auto-indent for you.

:set sw=# wherein # is a number will set the shiftwidth (tabwidth).

You can then use <<, >> to shift a line left or proper. Plus, you may use <% to shift a , ( or [ set left or right (with >%). You should be on pinnacle of the particular , , (, ), [ or ] of the pair to shift them.

:set sm will show the matching , ( or [ whilst you type the final one.

:set lisp will make a few modifications which can be useful for lisp programming. () will pass back and forth over s-expressions, and  will flow without preventing at atoms.

Question 14. How Do I Make A Function Key A Macro?

Answer :

If <lhs> is #n where n is zero-9, it'll be mapped to the ideal feature key.

Question 15. What Does The C$ Command Do From Command Mode Using Vi Editor?

Answer :

c$ will begin from the individual underneath the curser until the cease of line. So whilst you operate this command it will show you $ signal on the stop of the line and you can trade until that factor.

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Question 16. How To Append A File To Current File Using Vi Editor?

Answer :

Alternate approach:

If you are operating in file2 and want to append fie1, than area the cursor where you need to append the brand new document and use the subsequent command

:r file1

Question 17. Explain What Is The Format Of Vi Command?

Answer :

vi filename

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Question 18. Explain What Is The Command Used To Set Margin In Vi Editor?

Answer :

Press ESC observed via colon setnu

eg => :setnu

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Question 19. What Is The Difference Between Zz And :wq Commands In Vi Editor?

Answer :

ZZ is the command mode comand in uix to save and stop document. :wq is the execute command mode command to keep and quit file.

Question 20. What Is The Command Used To Replace Many Characters In Vi Editor?

Answer :

For replace many person in vi editor press esc key and then press R for update many individual.

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Question 21. How To Enter From Command Mode To Insertion Mode Using Vi Editor?

Answer :

There are several instructions that put the VI editor into insert mode. The maximum normally used commands to get into insert mode are a and i.

Question 22. What Is The Command Used To Append Text After Current Line In Vi Editor?

Answer :

The command used to append textual content after contemporary line in Vi Editor is

A

Question 23. What Are The Different Modes In Vi Editor?

Answer :

There are 3 basic modes of vi:

Command mode: This is the default whilst you input vi. In command mode, most letters, or brief sequences of letters, that you type might be interpreted as commands, with out explicitly pressing Enter . If you press Esc while you're in command mode, your terminal will beep at you. This is a excellent manner to inform when you're in command mode.

Insert mode: In insert mode, anything you type is inserted in the record at the cursor position. Type a (lowercase letter a, for append) to enter insert mode from command mode; press Esc to quit insert mode, and return to command mode.

Line mode: Use line mode to enter line orientated commands. To enter line mode from command mode, kind a colon ( : ). Your cursor actions to the bottom of the display, by way of a colon activate. Type a line mode command, then press Enter. Any practical command from the Unix line editor ex will paintings, and a few are desirable to understand about. These instructions are indicated in this handout through a colon in the front of the command. Each time you operate a line mode command, you should type a colon to enter line mode, then type the command by the colon spark off at the lowest of the display screen, then press Enter while you end typing the command. (The search commands starting with / and ? Paintings in addition.

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Question 24. What Is The Difference Between Lettered Buffer And Temporary Buffer In Vi Editor?

Answer :

Temporary Buffer: Deleted or copied text is going right into a transient unnamed buffer. The contents of the temporary buffer may be retrieved by using the p or P commands.

Lettered Buffers: There are 26 lettered buffers (a-z). Contents of a lettered buffer are saved until you replica or delete extra characters into it, or till you cease your present day vi consultation.

Eg.

From Command Mode

"ayy Copy (yank) a line into buffer letter "a"

"ap Put contents of lettered buffer a beneath the modern-day line

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Question 25. Which Command Is Used To Replace Many Characters In Vi Editor?

Answer :

change command may be used to trade a word/line.

Cw alternate phrase ahead
cb change phrase backward
c$ exchange from cursor to cease of line
cL alternate from present day line to and of display
cG alternate from current line to and of document

or if you need to update all occurence of some precise man or woman

:%s/oldText/newText/g

Question 26. Explain What Does The /text Command Do?

Answer :

/textual content: it'll search for the string. After urgent enter it takes u to that textual content place.

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