Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Are The Benefits Of Fibre Channel Sans?

Answer :

Fibre Channel SANs are the de facto preferred for storage networking in the company information middle due to the fact they provide incredible reliability, scalability, consolidation, and performance. Fibre Channel SANs offer giant benefits over direct-connected storage via improved storage usage, higher information availability, reduced control fees, and incredibly scalable ability and performance.

Question 2. What Environment Is Most Suitable For Fibre Channel Sans?

Answer :

Typically, fibre channel SANs are maximum suitable for big facts centers running business-essential facts, in addition to packages that require excessive-bandwidth overall performance including medical imaging, streaming media, and large databases. Fibre Channel SAN answers can without problems scale to satisfy the maximum traumatic performance and availability requirements.

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Question three. What Customer Problems Do Fibre Channel Sans Solve?

Answer :

The multiplied overall performance of Fibre Channel enables a particularly effective backup and healing method, together with LAN-free and server-unfastened backup fashions. The result is a quicker, extra scalable, and more reliable backup and recovery answer. By providing flexible connectivity options and aid sharing, Fibre Channel SANs also significantly reduce the number of physical gadgets and disparate structures that need to be purchased and controlled, that can dramatically decrease capital expenses. Heterogeneous SAN management offers a unmarried point of manage for all gadgets at the SAN, lowering charges and releasing personnel to do other tasks.

Question four. How Long Has Fibre Channel Been Around?

Answer :

Development commenced in 1988, ANSI widespread approval took place in 1994, and big deployments commenced in 1998. Fibre Channel is a mature, safe, and widely deployed answer for excessive-pace (1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB) communications and is the foundation for most people of SAN installations all through the arena.

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Question five. What Is The Future Of Fibre Channel Sans?

Answer :

Fibre Channel is a properly-mounted, broadly deployed generation with a verified song report and a very massive hooked up base, particularly in high-performance, commercial enterprise-critical data middle environments. Fibre Channel SANs keep growing and will be superior for a long time to come back. The decreased costs of Fibre Channel components, the availability of SAN kits, and the next era of Fibre Channel (four GB) are helping to fuel that increase. In addition, the Fibre Channel roadmap includes plans to double performance each 3 years.

Networking Interview Questions
Question 6. What Are The Benefits Of 4gb Fibre Channel?

Answer :

Benefits include two times the overall performance with very little charge growth, investment safety with backward compatibility to two GB, higher reliability because of fewer SAN additives (switch and HBA ports) required, and the potential to duplicate, lower back up, and repair statistics more fast. Four GB Fibre Channel systems are ideally suited for applications that want to quickly switch big amounts of information which include far off replication throughout a SAN, streaming video on demand, modeling and rendering, and huge databases. 4 GB era is shipping today.

Question 7. How Is Fibre Channel Different From Iscsi?

Answer :

Fibre Channel and iSCSI each have a awesome location inside the IT infrastructure as SAN options to DAS. Fibre Channel typically presents excessive performance and high availability for commercial enterprise-important applications, normally inside the company records center. In contrast, iSCSI is commonly used to provide SANs for business programs in smaller local or departmental records centers.

Networking Tutorial Quality Assurance Interview Questions
Question eight. When Should I Deploy Fibre Channel Instead Of Iscsi?

Answer :

For environments consisting of high-cease servers that require excessive bandwidth or data center environments with business-critical records, Fibre Channel is a higher in shape than iSCSI. For environments consisting of many midrange or low-quit servers, an IP SAN answer regularly delivers the most suitable price/performance.

Question nine. Name Some Of The San Topologies?

Answer :

Point-to-factor, arbitrated loop, and switched material topologies.

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Question 10. What’s The Need For Separate Network For Storage Why Lan Cannot Be Used?

Answer :

LAN hardware and running structures are geared to user site visitors, and LANs are tuned for a fast consumer reaction to messaging requests.

With a SAN, the garage devices may be secured one by one from the servers and totally apart from the person community enhancing garage access in data blocks (bulk information transfers), advantageous for server-less backups.

Question eleven. What Are The Advantages Of Raid?

Answer :

“Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks”

Depending on how we configure the array, we will have the

statistics mirrored [RAID 1] (replica copies on separate drives)
striped [RAID 0] (interleaved throughout numerous drives), or
parity covered [RAID 5](greater facts written to become aware of mistakes).
These can be used in combination to supply the stability of overall performance and reliability that the user requires.

Switching Interview Questions
Question 12. What Is The Difference Between Raid zero+1 And Raid 1+0?

Answer :

RAID 0+1 (Mirrored Stripped)

In this RAID degree all of the records is saved on stripped volumes which can be in flip mirrored, so any disk failure saves the information loss however it makes complete stripe unavailable. The key distinction from RAID 1+0 is that RAID zero+1 creates a 2nd striped set to mirror a primary striped set. The array maintains to operate with one or greater drives failed in the identical mirror set, however if drives fail on both sides of the mirror the statistics on the RAID system is lost. In this RAID stage if one disk is failed full replicate is marked as inactive and records is stored best one stripped quantity.

RAID 1+zero (Stripped Mirrored)

In this RAID degree all of the facts is stored on mirrored volumes which might be in flip stripped, so any disk failure saves statistics loss. The key distinction from RAID zero+1 is that RAID 1+0 creates a striped set from a sequence of mirrored drives. In a failed disk situation RAID 1+zero plays higher because all the closing disks stay used. The array can sustain multiple pressure losses so long as no mirror loses both its drives.

This RAID level is maximum desired for excessive overall performance and high records safety due to the fact rebuilding of RAID 1+0 is less time ingesting in contrast to RAID 0+1.

Perl Scripting Interview Questions
Question thirteen. When Jbod's Are Used?

Answer :

“Just a Bunch of Disks”

It is a collection of disks that percentage a not unusual connection to the server, however don’t consist of the mirroring, striping, or parity facilities that RAID systems do, however these capabilities are available with host-primarily based software program.

Question 14. Differentiate Raid And Jbod?

Answer :

RAID: “Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks”

Fault-tolerant grouping of disks that server sees as a unmarried disk extent
Combination of parity-checking, mirroring, striping
Self-contained, achievable unit of storage
JBOD: “Just a Bunch of Disks”

Drives independently connected to the I/O channel
Scalable, but requires server to manipulate multiple volumes
Do no longer provide protection in case of drive failure
Question 15. What Is A Hba?

Answer :

Host bus adapters (HBAs) are had to join the server (host) to the storage.

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Question sixteen. What Are The Advantages Of San?

Answer :

Massively extended scalability
Greatly greater device connectivity
Storage consolidation
LAN-unfastened backup
Server-much less (lively-material) backup
Server clustering
Heterogeneous information sharing
Disaster healing - Remote mirroring
While answering human beings do NOT painting really what they imply & what benefits every of them have, which might be fee effective & which can be to be used for the patron's necessities.
Question 17. What Is The Difference B/w San And Nas?

Answer :

The fundamental difference between SAN and NAS, SAN is Fabric based totally and NAS is Ethernet based.

SAN - Storage Area Network

It accesses records on block degree and produces space to host in form of disk.

NAS - Network attached Storage

It accesses information on report stage and produces space to host in form of shared community folder.

Netapps Interview Questions
Question 18. What Is A Typical Storage Area Network Consists Of - If We Consider It For Implementation In A Small Business Setup?

Answer :

If we recall any small business following are essentials components of SAN

Fabric Switch
FC Controllers
JBOD's
Networking Interview Questions
Question 19. Can You Briefly Explain Each Of These Storage Area Components?

Answer :

Fabric Switch: It's a device which interconnects more than one network gadgets .There are switches beginning from sixteen port to 32 ports which join sixteen or 32 gadget nodes and so forth. Providers who manufacture these kind of switches are Brocade, McData.

Question 20. What Is Fc Controllers?

Answer :

These are Data transfer media they will sit on PCI slots of Server; you can configure Arrays and volumes on it.

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Question 21. What Is The Most Critical Component In San?

Answer :

Each component has its personal criticality with respect to enterprise needs of a employer.

Question 22. How Is A San Managed?

Answer :

There are many control software program’s used for dealing with SAN's to call some

Santricity
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager.
CA Unicenter.
Veritas Volumemanger.
Question 23. Which One Is The Default Id For Scsi Hba?

Answer :

Generally the default ID for SCSI HBA is 7.

SCSI- Small Computer System Interface
HBA - Host Bus Adaptor
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Question 24. What Is The Highest And Lowest Priority Of Scsi?

Answer :

There are sixteen extraordinary ID’s which can be assigned to SCSI tool 7, 6, five, four, three, 2, 1, 0, 15, 14, 13, 12, eleven, 10, nine, eight.

Highest precedence of SCSI is ID 7 and lowest ID is eight.

Quality Assurance Interview Questions
Question 25. How Do You Install Device Drivers For The Hba First Time During Os Installation?

Answer :

In a few eventualities you're supposed to installation Operating System at the drives related thru SCSI HBA or SCSI RAID Controllers, however maximum of the OS will now not be updated with drivers for the ones controllers, that time you need to supply drivers externally, in case you are installing home windows, you need to press F6 in the course of the set up of OS and offer the driving force disk or CD which got here along side HBA.

If you are putting in Linux you need to type "linux dd" for putting in any driver.

Question 26. What Is Array?

Answer :

Array is a group of Independent bodily disks to configure any Volumes or RAID volumes.

EMC Interview Questions
Question 27. Which Are The San Topologies?

Answer :

SAN may be related in three types which are stated under:

Point to Point topology
FC Arbitrated Loop ( FC :Fibre Channel )
Switched Fabric
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Question 28. Which Are The four Types Of San Architecture Types?

Answer :

Core-side
Full-Mesh
Partial-Mesh
Cascade
Question 29. Which Command Is Used In Linux To Know The Driver Version Of Any Hardware Device?

Answer :

dmesg

Automatic Storage Management (ASM) Interview Questions
Question 30. How Many Minimum Drives Are Required To Create R5 (raid 5) ?

Answer :

You need to have as a minimum three disk drives to create R5.

Question 31. Can You Name Some Of The States Of Raid Array?

Answer :

There are states of RAID arrays that constitute the repute of the RAID arrays which can be given beneath:

Online
Degraded
Rebuilding
Failed
Question 32. Name The Features Of Scsi-3 Standard?

Answer :

QAS: Quick arbitration and selection

Domain Validation

CRC: Cyclic redundancy check

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Interview Questions
Question 33. Can We Assign A Hot Spare To R0 (raid 0) Array?

Answer :

No, on account that R0 isn't always redundant array, failure of any disks outcomes in failure of the complete array so we can not rebuild the hot spare for the R0 array.

Switching Interview Questions
Question 34. Can You Name Some Of The Available Tape Media Types?

Answer :

There are many sorts of tape media to be had to again up the statistics a number of them are:

DLT: digital linear tape - generation for tape backup/archive of networks and servers; DLT era addresses midrange to high-cease tape backup requirements.
LTO: linear tape open; a new wellknown tape format evolved by way of HP, IBM, and Seagate.
AIT: superior shrewd tape; a helical test technology evolved by Sony for tape backup/archive of networks and servers, particularly addressing midrange to high-cease backup requirements.
Question 35. What Is Ha?

Answer :

HA High Availability is a technology to obtain failover with very much less latency. Its a sensible requirement of information facilities nowadays while customers assume the servers to be running 24 hours on all 7 days across the complete 365 days a 12 months - normally referred as 24x7x365. So to attain this, a redundant infrastructure is created to make certain if one database server or if one app server fails there's a replica Database or Appserver prepared to take-over the operations. End purchaser by no means stories any outage while there may be a HA network infrastructure.

Question 36. What Is Virtualization?

Answer :

Virtualization is logical illustration of bodily devices. It is the approach of managing and offering storage devices and resources functionally, no matter their physical format or place. Virtualization is the pooling of bodily garage from multiple community garage devices into what appears to be a single garage device that is managed from a significant console. Storage virtualization is usually utilized in a storage region community (SAN). The management of storage devices can be tedious and time-eating. Storage virtualization helps the garage administrator perform the obligations of backup, archiving, and healing more easily, and in less time, by using disguising the actual complexity of the SAN.

Emc Symmetrix Interview Questions
Question 37. Describe In Brief The Composition Of Fc Frame?

Answer :

Start of the Frame locator

Frame header (consists of destination identity and supply identity, 24 bytes/6 phrases)

Data Payload (encapsulate SCSI instruction may be zero-2112 bytes in period)

CRC (blunders checking, four bytes)

End of Frame (1 byte)

Question 38. What Is Storage Virtualization?

Answer :

Storage virtualization is amalgamation of multiple n/w garage gadgets into unmarried storage unit.

Question 39. What Are The Protocols Used In Physical/data Link And Network Layer Of San?

Answer :

Ethernet
SCSI
Fibre Channel
Question forty. What Are The Types Of Disk Array Used In San?

Answer :

JBOD
RAID
Netapps Interview Questions
Question 41. What Are Different Types Of Protocols Used In Transportation And Session Layers Of San?

Answer :

Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP)
Internet SCSI (iSCSI)
Fibre Channel IP (FCIP)
Question forty two. What Is The Type Of Encoding Used In Fibre Channel?

Answer :

8b/10b, because the encoding method is capable of detect all most all of the bit mistakes

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Question 43. How Many Classes Of Service Are Available In Fibre Channel?

Answer :

7 Classes of provider are available in Fibre Channel

Class-1: Dedicated connection between two communicators with acknowledgement of frame delivery.

In magnificence 1 service, a committed connection source and vacation spot is hooked up thru the fabric in the course of the transmission. It offers acknowledged service. This magnificence of carrier guarantees that the frames are received by using the destination tool within the equal order in which they're despatched, and reserves complete bandwidth for the relationship among the two gadgets. It does no longer provide for an excellent utilization of the to be had bandwidth, given that it's far blocking off another feasible contender for the same device. Because of this blocking off and important committed connection, class 1 is hardly ever used.

Class-2: connection much less however gives acknowledgement

Class 2 is a connectionless, acknowledged carrier. Class 2 makes better use of to be had bandwidth since it lets in the material to multiplex several messages on a body-through-frame basis. As frames journey thru the cloth they could take one-of-a-kind routes, so elegance 2 service does now not assure in-order shipping. Class 2 is based on top layer protocols to attend to body sequence. The use of acknowledgments reduces available bandwidth, which wishes to be taken into consideration in big-scale busy networks.

Class-3: connection less and provides no notification of shipping

There isn't any committed connection in class three and the obtained frames aren't recounted. Class 3 is also referred to as datagram connectionless service. It optimizes the usage of fabric sources, however it's miles now higher layer protocol to make sure that each one frames are received inside the proper order, and to request to the supply device the retransmission of missing frames. Class three is a typically used elegance of provider in Fibre Channel networks.

Class-4: permits fractional bandwidth for virtual circuits

Class four is a connection-orientated provider like class 1, but the most important difference is that it allocates best a fragment of available bandwidth of course through the fabric that connects  N_Ports. Virtual Circuits (VCs) are installed among  N_Ports with guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS), inclusive of bandwidth and latency. Like class 1, elegance 4 guarantees in-order delivery frame delivery and gives acknowledgment of brought frames, however now the fabric is accountable for multiplexing frames of various VCs. Class four service is specially meant for multimedia packages such as video and for programs that allocate an established bandwidth by using department within the organisation. Class 4 changed into delivered within the FC-PH-2 fashionable.

Class -5: Class 5 is called isochronous service, and it's far intended for applications that require instantaneous shipping of the statistics as it arrives, with no buffering. It isn't truly defined yet. It is not covered inside the FC-PH documents.

Class-6: Provides multicast, dedicated reference to acknowledgment

Class 6 is a version of class 1, called multicast magnificence of carrier. It provides dedicated connections for a dependable multicast. An N_Port may additionally request a category 6 connection for one or extra locations. A multicast server inside the material will establish the connections and get acknowledgment from the vacation spot ports, and ship it back to the originator. Once a connection is installed, it should be retained and warranted by way of the fabric till the initiator ends the connection. Class 6 become designed for packages like audio and video requiring multicast capability. It seems in the FC-PH-three preferred.

Class-F: used for transfer to exchange communique inside the cloth.

Class F carrier is described in the FC-SW and FC-SW-2 trendy to be used by way of switches communicating through ISLs. It is a connectionless provider with notification of non-shipping between E_Ports used for control, coordination, and configuration of the material. Class F is similar to elegance 2; the primary difference is that Class 2 deals with N_Ports sending facts frames, while Class F is utilized by E_ports for control and management of the fabric.

Question forty four. What Are The Main Constraints Of Scsi In Storage Networking?

Answer :

Deployment distance (max. Of 25 mts)
Number of gadgets that may be interconnected (16)
Question 45. What Is A Fabric?

Answer :

Interconnection of Fibre Channel Switches

Question forty six. What Are The Services Provided By Fabric To All The Nodes?

Answer :

Fabric Login
SNS
Fabric Address Notification
Registered country exchange notification
Broadcast Servers
Question 47. What Is The Difference Between Lun And Wwn?

Answer :

LUN: specific range that is assigned to each storage device or partition of the storage that the garage can assist.

WWN: 64bit cope with that is tough coded into a fibre channel HBA and that is used to pick out character port (N_Port or F_Port) within the material.

Question 48. What Are The Different Topologies In Fibre Channel?

Answer :

Point-to-Point
Arbitrary Loop
Switched Fabric Loop
Question 49. What Are The Layers Of Fibre Channel Protocol?

Answer :

FC Physical Media
FC Encoder and Decoder
FC Framing and Flow manipulate
FC Common Services
FC Upper Level Protocol Mapping
Question 50. What Is Zoning?

Answer :

Fabric management provider that can be used to create logical subsets of devices within a SAN. This permits portioning of resources for control and get right of entry to manage purpose.

Question 51. What Are The Two Major Classification Of Zoning?

Answer :

Two varieties of zoning are:

Software Zoning
Hardware Zoning
Question 52. What Are Different Levels Of Zoning?

Answer :

Port Level zoning
WWN Level zoning
Device Level zoning
Protocol Level zoning
LUN Level zoning
Question fifty three. What Are The five States Of Arbitrary Loop In Fc?

Answer :

Loop Initialization
Loop Monitoring
Loop arbitration
Open Loop
Close Loop
Question 54. How Does Fc Switch Maintain The Addresses?

Answer :

FC Switch uses simple name server (SNS) to hold the mapping desk

Question fifty five. What Is The Purpose Of Disk Array?

Answer :

Probability of unavailability of statistics stored at the disk array because of unmarried point failure is absolutely removed.

Question fifty six. What Is Disk Array?

Answer :

Set of high performance garage disks that may keep numerous terabytes of facts. Single disk array can help more than one points of connection to the network.

Question 57. What Is Multipath I/o?

Answer :

Fault tolerant approach in which, there's multiple bodily course among the CPU in the pc systems and its foremost garage devices through the buses, controllers, switches and other bridge gadgets connecting them.

Question 58. What Is Raid?

Answer :

Technology that businesses several physical drives in a computer into an array that you may outline as one or greater logical force. Each logical force seems to the running gadget as single power. This grouping enhances the performance of the logical pressure beyond the physical capability of the drives.

Question 59. What Is Stripe-unit-size?

Answer :

It is statistics distribution scheme that complement s the manner operating machine request information. Granularity at which statistics is stored on one force of the array before next records is stored on the subsequent force of the array. Stripe unit size should be close to the dimensions of the machine I/O request.

Question 60. What Is Lun Masking?

Answer :

A method used to create an one-of-a-kind storage location and get admission to manage. And this could be done by garage tool manage application.

Question sixty one. What Is The Smallest Unit Of Information Transfer In Fc?

Answer :

Frame

Question 62. What Is Bad Block Reallocation?

Answer :

A terrible region is remapped or reallocated to exact spare block and this facts is stored in the internal table at the tough disk power. The awful blocks are diagnosed in the course of the media take a look at of the HDD as well as in the course of numerous sorts of study write operations carried out in the course of the I/O tests. Apart from the brand new generation of HDD comes with a technology referred to as BGMS (history media scan) which continuously scans the HDD media for defects and maps them when the drive is idle (that is completed after the HDD is attached to the machine).

Question sixty three. What Are Two Types Of Recording Techniques On The Tapes?

Answer :

Linear Recording
Helical Scan Recording.
Question sixty four. What Is Snapshot?

Answer :

A image of information item carries an photograph of data at a selected point of time.

Question 65. What Is Hsm?

Answer :

Hierarchical storage control - An application that attempts to healthy the priority of records with the price of storage.

Question sixty six. What Is Hot-swapping?

Answer :

Devices are allowed to be eliminated and inserted into a device without turning off the machine.

Question sixty seven. What Is Hot-sparing?

Answer :

A spare tool is to be had to be inserted into the subsystem operation while not having to put off and update a device.

Question sixty eight. What Are Different Types Of Backup System?

Answer :

Offline
Online
Near Line
Question 69. What Is The Different Between Mirroring, Routing And Multipathing?

Answer :

Redundancy Functions Relationships Role
Mirroring Generates 2 ios to 2 storage goals Creates 2 copies of records
Routing Determined by using switches independent of SCSI Recreates n/w path after a failure
Multipathing Two initiator to one target Selects the LUN initiator pair to apply
Question 70. Name Few Types Of Tape Storage?

Answer :

Digital Linear Tape
Advanced Intelligent Tape
Linear Tape Open
Question seventy one. What Is A Sequence In Fc?

Answer :

Group of 1 or greater frames that encompasses one or extra “facts gadgets” of a higher layer protocol.

Example:It calls for

One collection to transfer the command
One or extra collection to switch the facts
Once sequence to transfer the repute.
Question seventy two. What Is Exchange In Fc?

Answer :

Exchange is to set up a courting among 2 N_PORTs and then those  ports switch statistics through one or more collection inside this courting.

Example: Exchange exist to transfer the command, statistics and the repute of one SCSI mission

Question seventy three. Why Do We Need Login In Fc?

Answer :

Port Login: To exchange service parameters between N_Ports and N_Ports

Process Login: To set up the SCSI working surroundings between  N_PORTS

Fabric Login: Similar to port login, FLOGI is an prolonged link carrier command that units up a consultation between  contributors. With FLOGU a consultation is created among an N_Port or NL_Port and the transfer.

Question seventy four. What Are The Different Types Of Clusters?

Answer :

High availability clusters
High Performance Clusters
Load Balancing Clusters.
Question 75. What Are Three Levels Of Management In Storage?

Answer :

Storage Level Management
Network Level Management
Enterprise Level Management
Question 76. What Are The Key Activities In San Management?

Answer :

Monitoring
Configuring
Controlling
Troubleshooting
Diagnosing
Question seventy seven. What Is The Difference Between Hba And Nic?

Answer :

HBA => Host bus adapters are utilized in storage based totally site visitors while NIC (Network Interface Cards are used in IP based totally LAN traffic.

Question seventy eight. What Is The Measuring Unit Of Data Activity?

Answer :

Gigabits per 2nd (Gb/ps)

Question seventy nine. What Are The Basic Storage Policies?

Answer :

Security and authentication
Capacity, Content and quota management
Quality of Service
Question 80. What Is Bypass Circuitry?

Answer :

A circuit that mechanically gets rid of the storage device from the information route (FC tool out of FC AL loop) when signaling is lost (this signal is called port by means of-skip signal).

Question eighty one. How Many Connections Are Possible In Fabric Topology?

Answer :

2^24 (24 bit cope with to the port), and the biggest viable cloth will have 239 interconnected switches.

Question eighty two. What Is One Of The Constraints Of Using Storage Switch?

Answer :

Latency

Question eighty three. What Is The Difference Between Nas And San?

Answer :

NAS:

Cables used inside the n/w
n/w protocols (TCP/IP, IPx) and report sharing protocols (CIFS & NFS)
Lower TCO
Support heterogeneous clients
Slow
SAN:

High-velocity connectivity consisting of FC
Do not use n/w protocols because information request are not remodeled LAN
Higher TCO
Requires unique s/w to provide get entry to to heterogeneous customers
Fast
Question eighty four. What Is Jitter?

Answer :

Jitter refers to any deviation in timing that a bit move suffers as it traverses the physical medium and the circuitry on-board the end gadgets. A sure quantity of deviation from the unique signaling will occur naturally as serial bit move propagates over fibre-optic or copper cabling.

Question eighty five. What Is Ber/bit Error Rate?

Answer :

Probability that a transmitted bit will be erroneously acquired is the degree of range of bits (misguided) on the output of the receiver and dividing by way of the entire variety of bits in transmission.

Question 86. What Is Wwpn?

Answer :

WWPN is the 16 bit individual that is assigned to the port, SAN volume controller uses it to uniquely become aware of the fibre channel HBA that is installed in the host device.

Question 87. What Is Connection Allegiance?

Answer :

Given more than one connections are mounted, character command/reaction pair ought to glide over the identical connection. This connection allegiance ensures that unique study or writes instructions are fulfilled without any extra overhead of tracking multiple connections and to peer whether a selected request is finished.

Question 88. What Is Burst Length?

Answer :

The burst length is the number of bytes that the SCSI initiator sends to the SCSI target inside the FCP_DATA sequence.

Question 89. What Is Nas In Detail?

Answer :

NAS or Network Attached Storage

“NAS is used to refer to garage factors that connect with a community and provide record

access services to laptop systems. A NAS Storage Element includes an interface or engine, which implements the document offerings, and one or greater devices, on which data is saved. NAS factors can be connected to any sort of network. When attached to SANs, NAS factors can be taken into consideration to be members of the SAS (SAN Attached Storage) magnificence of storage factors.

A magnificence of systems that offer file offerings to host computer systems. A host system that uses network connected storage makes use of a report device device motive force to get entry to statistics the usage of record access protocols which includes NFS or CIFS. NAS systems interpret these commands and carry out the inner document and tool I/O operations necessary to execute them.

Though the NAS does accelerate bulk transfers, it does now not offload the LAN like a SAN does. Most garage gadgets can't simply plug into gigabit Ethernet and be shared - this calls for a specialised record server the form of supported gadgets is more confined.NAS has numerous protocols mounted for such wanted functions as discovery, get right of entry to manipulate, and name services.

Question 90. Briefly List The Advantages Of San?

Answer :

SANs completely make the most high-performance, high connectivity community technology

SANs enlarge without difficulty to keep pace with rapid growing storage wishes

SANs allow any server to get admission to any data

SANs assist centralize management of garage sources

SANs lessen total price of ownership (TCO).

ISCSI fundamentals

ISCSI is a protocol described by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) which enables SCSI commands to be encapsulated in TCP/IP visitors, for this reason permitting get admission to to far off storage over low fee IP networks.

Question ninety one. What Advantages Would Using An Iscsi Storage Area Network (san) Give To Your Organization Over Using Direct Attached Storage (das) Or A Fibre Channel San?

Answer :

iSCSI is cost powerful, allowing use of low fee Ethernet in preference to high-priced Fibre structure.
Traditionally high-priced SCSI controllers and SCSI disks no longer need for use in every server, decreasing normal fee.
Many iSCSI arrays permit using inexpensive SATA disks without losing hardware RAID capability.
The iSCSI storage protocol is advocated by way of Microsoft, IBM and Cisco, therefore it's far an enterprise fashionable.
Administrative/Maintenance fees are decreased.
Increased utilisation of garage sources.
Expansion of garage space with out downtime.
Easy server improvements without the need for information migration.
Improved records backup/redundancy.