Interview Questions.

Question 1. How Is The Ttl Field Used To Prevent Indefinite Looping Of Ip Datagrams?

Answer :

The TTL subject incorporates a counter cost set with the aid of the supply host. Each gateway that approaches this datagram, decreases the TTL value via one. When the TTL fee reaches 0, the datagram is discarded.

Question 2. What Is The Byte Order Used For Transmitting Datagram Headers In The Tcp/ip Protocol Suite?

Answer :

All the datagram headers within the TCP/IP protocol suite are transmitted inside the "big endian" byte order. I.E. The maximum huge byte is transmitted first. This is likewise referred to as as "community byte order".

Networking Interview Questions
Question 3. Why There Are Two Length Fields (ip Header Length, Ip Datagram Length) In The Ip Header?

Answer :

The size of the IP header isn't always fixed. Depending at the IP options gift, the size of the IP header will range. A separate area for the IP header length is delivered, so that the vacation spot device can separate the IP datagram header from the payload.

Question 4. When Is A Datagram Considered Undeliverable?

Answer :

If a datagram cannot be brought to the vacation spot host because of a few reason, it's far considered an undeliverable datagram.

Networking Tutorial
Question 5. What Is The Typical Value For The Ttl Field?

Answer :

The regular cost for a TTL subject is 32 or sixty four.

CCNA Interview Questions
Question 6. Which Rfc Discusses The Type Of Service (tos) Field?

Answer :

RFC 1349 discusses the Type Of Service (TOS) field.

Question 7. What Is The Use Of The Time To Live (ttl) Field In The Ip Header?

Answer :

The TTL field is used to restriction the life of a IP datagram and to save you indefinite looping of IP datagrams.

Time To Live is used to restrict the period of time of transmission of community era that ba unit of facts can revel in earlier than it should be discarded.

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Tutorial Switching Interview Questions
Question 8. Tell Us Is The Datagram Identifier Field Unique For Each Ip Datagram?

Answer :

Yes. The IP datagram identifier discipline is special for each IP datagram transmitted. The fragments of an IP datagram can have the equal identifier value.

Question nine. What Is The Spanning Tree Protocol Used For?

Answer :

Spanning tree protocol is used to prevent looping of frames. Unlike IP, which has a TTL fee field in the packet which is decremented every time the packet passes via a router and is dropped once the value reaches zero, the frame does now not have any comparable discipline. So if a situation arises wherein a body is looping in a switched surroundings, the body might now not automatically time out. The spanning tree protocol is used for stopping the looping.

Broadcast Interview Questions
Question 10. How Many Root Bridges Can Be Available On A Stp Configured Network?

Answer :

If the priority price of the 2 switches are identical, which transfer could be elected as the root bridge

The transfer with the bottom mac-address fee might be elected as the root bridge

Internet Protocol model four (IPv4) Tutorial
Question 11. How Many Designated Ports Can Be Available On A Root Bridge?

Answer :

All ports on a root bridge is particular ports.

 

 

CCNP Interview Questions
Question 12. Is A Generic Ethernet Frame Modified When Stp Is Configured On The Network?

Answer :

STP is a protocol. It has it’s own body when configured. So it'd now not have an effect on a regularly occurring ethernet frame at the network.

Networking Interview Questions
Question 13. Is Stp Required To Be Configured When There Is Only One Switch Involved?

Answer :

It is not required. STP is used to shutdown redundant hyperlinks between switches to prevent loops.

Question 14. Can Stp Be Configured On A Router?

Answer :

STP can be configured most effective on switches and now not on routers. STP is used to save you frame looping

Question 15. What Is Extended System Id?

Answer :

The Extended System ID is used by spanning-tree to consist of the VLAN ID records internal 16-bit STP

Firewall Support Interview Questions
Question sixteen. What Is Root Port?

Answer :

Once the Root Switch is elected, every different Switch within the community should choose a unmarried port on itself to attain the Root Switch. The port with the bottom root path value (lowest cumulative fee to reach root transfer) is elected as the foundation port and is located inside the forwarding state. Root Bridge will never have a Root Port.

Question 17. What Is Path Cost Or Spanning Tree Path Cost Value?

Answer :

The Spanning Tree Cost Value is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the hyperlink and therefore a route with a low value fee is greater finest than a direction with excessive value cost.
Link Bandwidth Cost Value

10 Gbps 2
1 Gbps 4
a hundred Mbps 19
10 Mbps a hundred
Routing Protcol Interview Questions
Question 18. How Root Bridge Is Elected?

Answer :

The bridge ID is used to choose the root bridge inside the STP domain. This ID is 8 bytes long and includes both the concern and the MAC deal with of the tool.

Switch with the lowest Bridge ID is elected because the Root bridge which means that Switch with the lowest precedence will become Root Bridge if  or more switches have equal priority than transfer with lowest mac address turns into Root Bridge.

CCNA Interview Questions
Question 19. What Are Types Of Bpdu?

Answer :

Two sorts of BPDU exist:-

Configuration BPDU - Used for Spanning-Tree Computation.
Topology Change Notification (TCN) BPDU - Used to announce adjustments inside the Network Topology.
Question 20. What Is The Destination Mac Address Used By Bridge Protocol Data Units (bpdus)?

Answer :

Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) frames are despatched out as at multicast vacation spot MAC cope with

01:eighty:c2:00:00:00.

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Interview Questions
Question 21. What Is Bpdu?

Answer :

All the switches change information to choose Root Bridge in addition to for configuration of the community.

This is accomplished via Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU). Each switch compares the parameters within the BPDU that it sends to 1 neighbor with the only that it gets from every other neighbor.

Question 22. Explain Types Of Stp Port Roles?

Answer :

Root port - The root port is constantly the link directly connected to the foundation bridge, or the shortest direction to the foundation bridge. It is continually on Non-Root Bridge.
Designated port - A designated port is one that has been decided as having the nice (lowest) price. A targeted port might be marked as a forwarding port. It may be on both Root Bridge & Non Root Bridge. All ports of Root Bridge are Designated Port.
Forwarding port - A forwarding port forwards frames.
Blocked port - A blocked port is the port that is used to prevent loops. It handiest listens to BPDUs. Any port aside from Root port & Designated port is a Block Port.
Question 23. What Are Stp Timers And Explain Different Types Of Stp Timers?

Answer :

STP uses 3 timers to make sure that a community converges well before a bridging loop can shape.

Hello timer - The time interval among Configuration BPDUs despatched with the aid of the root bridge. It is two seconds via default.

Forward Delay timer - The time c programming language that a switch port spends in each the Listening and Learning states.

The default cost is 15 seconds.

Max (Maximum) Age timer - Maximum length of time a BPDU may be saved with out receiving an update. It also can be outline as a time c program languageperiod that a switch shops a BPDU earlier than discarding it. It is 20 seconds with the aid of default.

Internet Protocol model four (IPv4) Interview Questions
Question 24. What Are The Different Port States?

Answer :

Disabled - A port in the disabled state does no longer take part within the STP.
Blocking - A blocked port does now not forward frames. It simplest listens to BPDUs. The purpose of the blocking nation is to prevent the usage of looped paths.
Listening - A port in listening nation prepares to ahead statistics frames without populating the MAC deal with desk. The port additionally sends and listens to BPDUs to make certain no loops occur at the network.
Learning - A port in mastering state populates the MAC deal with desk but doesn’t ahead facts frames. The port still sends and gets BPDUs as before.
Forwarding - The port now can ship and receive information frames, accumulate MAC addresses in its address table, ship and receive BPDUs. The port is now a totally functioning transfer port in the spanning-tree topology.
Switching Interview Questions
Question 25. How Stp Works?

Answer :

STP chooses a Reference point (Root Bridge) in the network and calculates all of the redundant paths to that reference point. Than it choices one direction which to ahead frames and blocks other redundant paths. When blockading hapeens, Loops are prevented.

Question 26. What Is Stp And Redundant Links?

Answer :

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a protocol which prevents layer 2 loops. STP permits switches to become aware about each other on the way to negotiate a Loop-Free course through community.

In practical Scenario, Redundant hyperlinks are created to keep away from complete community failure in an occasion of failure of 1 link.

Firewall (computing) Interview Questions
Question 27. What Is Spanning Tree ?

Answer :

Spanning-tree protocol is a protocol utilized in switching community to create a loop-free topology. STP is enabled by using default on all VLANs on Catalyst switches. STP switches ship BPDU’s (Bridge Protocol Data Units) to each other to form their topology databases. BPDU’s are sent out all ports each  seconds, are forwarded to a selected MAC multicast cope with: 0180.C200.0000. 

Broadcast Interview Questions