Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is The Scada System?

Answer :

SCADA (supervisory manipulate and statistics acquisition) is a system, operates with coded signals over communication channels on the way to provide control of far flung system (the usage of typically one conversation channel per far off station).

Acronym for supervisory manipulate and records acquisition, a computer machine for collecting and analyzing real time facts. SCADA structures are used to monitor and control a plant or gadget in industries consisting of telecommunications, water and waste manipulate, electricity, oil and gasoline refining and transportation. A SCADA machine gathers statistics, such as wherein a leak on a pipeline has occurred, transfers the information lower back to a crucial website online, alerting the home station that the leak has passed off, sporting out vital evaluation and manage, along with figuring out if the leak is important, and showing the data in a logical and organized fashion. SCADA structures may be noticeably simple, together with one that monitors environmental situations of a small workplace constructing, or relatively complex, including a device that monitors all of the activity in a nuclear power plant or the activity of a municipal water machine or other flora.

Question 2. What Is Meant By Plc Scada?

Answer :

Programmable Logic Controller or PLC is a computing machine used to govern electromechanical tactics. SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It is a form of business control device that is used to reveal and manage facilities and infrastructure in industries.

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Interview Questions
Question three. What Is Scada Network?

Answer :

Acronym for supervisory manage and information acquisition, a computer gadget for collecting and reading real time statistics. SCADA systems are used to reveal and control a plant or device in industries together with telecommunications, water and waste manipulate, energy, oil and fuel refining and transportation.

Question 4. What Is Meant By Supervisory Control?

Answer :

Supervisory manipulate is a popular time period for control of many man or woman controllers orcontrol loops, whether or not by way of a human or an automatic manipulate gadget, despite the fact that nearly each actual system is a combination of each.

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Question five. What Are Some Different Levels Of Scada Machines And Systems?

Answer :

SCADA machines have several different forms. You can have field stage devices which include sensors. You may have far flung terminal gadgets (RTUs), a primary controller or “master station,” or you can have a simple laptop device interface that presentations records for the consumer.

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Question 6. Why Scada Systems Are Implemented?

Answer :

Some of the motives or blessings why SCADA structures are carried out are:

SCADA systems improves the overall performance of the operation of the plant
SCADA structures presents higher safety to the system of the plant
SCADA structures improves productivity of the employees
Information receives very fast, procedure the facts and display it to opertor in graphs and plots. Hence allows the operator to take the choices rapid.
Provides better electricity financial savings and saves economic system.
Question 7. Why Do Companies Use Scada?

Answer :

SCADA is a method that defines performance and protection of statistics for the plant or conversation middle. It helps enhance productivity for employees and allows the economy shop electricity.

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Question eight. What Voltage Does An Rtu Operate With?

Answer :

A far flung terminal unit operates at 110V/240V.

Question nine. Why Would A Company Want To Use A Plc Over An Rtu?

Answer :

A programmable common sense controller (PLC) is lots inexpensive and extra bendy with programming. PLCs have been replacing RTUs due to the fact they're also easier to troubleshoot and feature extra sophisticated controls than RTUs.

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Question 10. What Is An Hmi?

Answer :

An HMI (human machine interface) is the device that connects to a SCADA database that displays statistics for the person. The HMI lets in the operator to study diagnostic statistics and trending graphs.

Question eleven. What Is Dde?

Answer :

DDE is the acronym for dynamic records change. DDE affords a conversation protocol that permits devices to send and receive communication indicators. This protocol turned into advanced by means of Microsoft.

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Question 12. What Are Some Advantages Of Scada Over Other Protocols?

Answer :

SCADA lets in users to create object-oriented graphs, they can offer trending graphs to check records in actual-time. SCADA also offers with massive data, so that you can develop a database machine that presentations traits over some of years. This permits the business brief get right of entry to to vital facts that can be used for future increase and upgrades.

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Interview Questions
Question 13. How Does Scada Handle Data?

Answer :

SCADA systems acquire records and send them to a principal system that techniques the records. The SCADA software program is used to control the statistics and show it to the consumer. SCADA additionally logs facts about who runs reviews and the statistics that is used.

Question 14. How Does Scada Handle Issues?

Answer :

SCADA has an alarm or alert device that interfaces with personnel to send them a caution while a device isn't running nicely.

Question 15. What Is The “historian” In Scada?

Answer :

The historian is the call given to the software service that collects activities and logs them into the database for future use.

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Question sixteen. Have You Been Having Trouble Setting Yourself Apart From Other Candidates In Your Scada Interviews?

Answer :

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Question 17. Is This Control And Monitoring System Supplied As A Single Package?

Answer :

Yes

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Question 18. How Much Does Each Additional Driver Cost?

Answer :

Most are protected.

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Question 19. Does The Control & Monitoring System Use Client/server Distributed Processing?

Answer :

Yes

Question 20. Can The System Be Expanded, Without Re-engineering, To Handle Future Requirements?

Answer :

Yes,system can be increased.

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Question 21. Can I Make Changes To The System Without Shutting Down?

Answer :

Changes take place immediately as there is no compiling. If there are redundant servers all changes are robotically despatched to the Standby servers.

Question 22. How Can We Exchange Data With Other Applications?

Answer :

Exchange of records with other applications and structures is executed with Ethernet, Modbus, OPC, ODBC (SQL), or via an API. The OPC interface helps OPC-DA (Real-time Data Access), OPC-HAD (Historical Data Access), and OPC-AE (Alarms and Events).

Question 23. Can Other Automation Systems, Like A Dcs, Communicate Using Industry Standard Communication Drivers Like Modbus Or Dnp3?

Answer :

The gadget supports being a Modbus or DNP3 Slave so other structures can connect and get right of entry to actual-time facts. This is executed with the aid of configuring a digital device which simplest the factors required for the alternative machine are mapped.

Plc Scada Interview Questions
Question 24. What External Databases Does The Control And Monitoring System Support?

Answer :

Any ODBC compliant (SQL) database.

HMI Development Interview Questions
Question 25. How Can We Provide For Data Integrity And System Control In The Event Of Hardware Failure?

Answer :

Data integrity & gadget manage is maintained via server mirrored redundancy. The system supports triple mirrored server redundancy.

Question 26. Are Multiple Copies Of The Configuration Database Required To Enable Redundancy?

Answer :

No, the redundancy is mirrored. Mirrored redundancy method that no programming or more database configuration is required to make the redundancy paintings. All functions are to be had from the standby or redundant server.

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Question 27. What Happens If A Computer Or Io Node Or Client Fails?

Answer :

If a server fails, then robotically connect with the standby server as quickly as the patron detects that Main server has failed, transparent to the consumer.

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Question 28. How Can We Provide Backup For Critical Tasks Such As Plant-floor I/o, Alarms And Trends?

Answer :

All server capabilities are mirrored to the redundant server. The gadget affords for Data backups to Local or Storage on a community purchaser with backup tool (like large difficult force or tape).

Question 29. When The Primary Server Fails, Is There Any Loss Of Monitoring Or Control Before The Redundant I/o Server Assumes Control?

Answer :

No, the transfer is transparent to the users and all capabilities are as everyday.

UI Designer Interview Questions
Question 30. When The Primary And Standby Servers Are In Operation, Are They Both Polling The I/o Devices (percent)?

Answer :

No, simplest the server appearing as Main will communicate to the IO.

Question 31. What Happens To Alarms Monitoring If The Primary Alarms Server Fails?

Answer :

The servers are mirrored and all functions are transferred transparently to the customers or capabilities ongoing.

Question 32. What Happens If The Lan Fails?

Answer :

If redundant LANs are established the transfer is transparent to the gadget.

Question 33. If We Need To Make A Configuration Change To One Data Point, For Example, Does That Changed Need To Be Made On All Nodes?

Answer :

The gadget has best one configuration database and any trade made are mechanically propagated to all servers and clients. Nothing else is needed.

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Question 34. Can We Build Display Pages On One Node And Display Them Any Node In The System?

Answer :

Yes assuming that the customers on the other customers have permissions to look the show web page.

Question 35. How Do We Backup/archive The System Configuration Information?

Answer :

The machine has an Export characteristic which allows saving the database to any media.

Question 36. How Do We Restore The System Configuration And History In An Event Of Data Loss?

Answer :

Import the backup document or database.

Test-driven development (TDD) Interview Questions
Question 37. How Do We Set Up Communication With An I/o Device (%)?

Answer :

The machine uses a gadgets/addresses for defining IO devices. Define the object, and configure the individual parameters within the IO window. This can be used as a template object so it can be reused within the device.

Question 38. Can We Control How The System Polls The I/o Devices (percent)?

Answer :

Yes and the polling configuration is without problems managed by way of adjusting communications parameters of the tool.

Question 39. Can We Retain System Values On Disk At Shutdown And Restore Them On System Restart?

Answer :

Yes the device keeps all of the last values of every factor in the system with a timestamp.

Question forty. How Many Separate Security Areas Can We Define?

Answer :

As many organizations and-or individual as is wanted, no limit.

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Question 41. What Elements Of The System Can We Associate With Security Areas?

Answer :

The safety stage may be described all the way down to the database factor degree.

Question forty two. How Do We Configure A System That Only Uses An Industrial Keyboard?

Answer :

The device primary enter is through the pointing tool. A screen keyboard may be applied for characteristic no longer on an external keyboard.

Web Graphics Design Interview Questions
Question forty three. How Do We Draw Complex Entities Such As 3d Pipes?

Answer :

The 3-D outcomes are done with shading and sizing strategies like most artists do.

Question forty four. How Easily Can We Construct Intelligent Objects That Will Save Drawing And Configuration Time?

Answer :

Objects can be made into templates from which times are created. Each example consists of all database entries. Typically only addressing and choice of the physical IO device are necessary.

Question forty five. Can We Edit Library Objects And Intelligent Objects Supplied With The Package?

Answer :

Yes, but it is advocated to duplicate/paste the authentic object into the library and regulate it as a new item; thereby, maintaining the authentic library.

Question 46. If We Change A Library Object Or Template Object, Are The Changes Reflected Throughout The System—or Do We Have To Change Every Occurrence Of The Object?

Answer :

The changes will take affect right away to all other instances of object or template within the gadget.

Question forty seven. What Graphics File Formats Can We Import Into The Graphics Builder?

Answer :

The AutoCAD, DXF, and all other pictures codecs supported through the unique vendor software may be imported or copied and pasted into the drawing builder.

Question forty eight. How Do We Recover From Accidental Deletion Or Moving Of Objects When Editing A Complex Display Page?

Answer :

The use of undo characteristic is used to reestablish deletions. It additionally help layers so photos objects may be placed on separate layers to prevent accidental modifications.

Question 49. How Do We Align Objects On The Page?

Answer :

Use a snap to grid or align the item with the alignment tool.

Question 50. How Can We Add Special Effects To Text And Other Objects?

Answer :

Special results are completed with shades, strains, shading and many others.

Question fifty one. How Can We Make A Global Change Of One Color For Another In A Object?

Answer :

Special colour tags can be created. When these are stated for colours, converting the tag color will change all instances that use that coloration.

Question fifty two. How Can We Edit A Group Of Objects?

Answer :

Objects with not unusual attributes can be decided on, and the changes will observe to all in the selected organization.

Question fifty three. How Are Alarms And Hardware Communications Failures Reported By The Control And Monitoring System?

Answer :

Alarms are reported and are usually seen on any page through the alarm banner that's usually at the lowest of the page. There is an Alarm Management system inside the gadget that offers for alarm redirection, sorting, filtering, filed modifying, etc. Custom alarm lists may be embedded on any page this is filtered for that particular page. For instance, you simplest what to look the alarms that pertain to a particular substation or breaker.

Question fifty four. Do We Have To Configure Alarms For All Items Of Hardware?

Answer :

No however we also can configure as according to requirement.

Question fifty five. When An Alarm Is Acknowledged At One Operator Station, Is It Automatically Acknowledged At All Nodes (workstations) Without Having To Write Programs Or Scripts?

Answer :

Yes. This is proper even on cluster servers.

Question 56. How Many Logical Alarms Groups Can We Create?

Answer :

The device affords for as many alarm groups as preferred or man or woman & group.

Question 57. How Can We Prioritize Alarms?

Answer :

Alarms can be prioritized with the aid of severity, time, device, etc.

Question fifty eight. Can We Send Alarms To A Printer And File As Well As Display Them On The Screen?

Answer :

Yes and alarms may be despatched out to groups or individuals thru Email, pager, and/or textual content messages to mobile telephones.

Question 59. What Flexibility Does The Control And Monitoring System Provide For Defining Trend Data?

Answer :

Any database item can be configured to be positioned within the Historian and trended. Any factor within the device also can be regarded the use of a feature called Current Trending which permits operators to pick a point to view the current trend of a point without it being configured in the Historian.

Question 60. What Facilities Are Provided For Handling Trend Data On The Screen?

Answer :

All trending is accessed thru the Historian the use of preferred menus gadgets. Data can be considered in a list or graphically with out custom configuration. If wished, custom fashion pages can be configured inside the gadget.

Question 61. How Do We Display And Extract Historical Data?

Answer :

The Historical database or Historian is a SQL accessible database. This lets in SQL queries to get admission to the facts and display it on displays. There also are trendy equipment to extract the data so no SQL expertise is required to extract information. For example, display the Maximum and Average may be inner to a mimic or outside to a mimic (a trend page to itself).

Question sixty two. How Do We Archive And Retrieve Historical Data?

Answer :

Historical statistics is saved in weekly documents on all the servers. The documents can be archived or restored at every time with out shutting down the device.

Question sixty three. How Long And What Is Keep In The Historian?

Answer :

All statistics, reviews, configuration, and occasions and so forth. Are saved within the one Historical database. The statistics is in reality stored in weekly/monthly/every year files and the gadget is configurable as to how many days are maintain on-line.

Question 64. What Flexibility Does The Control And Monitoring System Provide For Defining Reports?

Answer :

The gadget has a built in Reports Runtime engine embedded that offers for reports from any historian parameter. Reports feature is needed to generate a new record layout then move the report template into the Historian for preferred reporting; display, print, email, and so on any report.

Question sixty five. How Can I Include Plant-ground Data In A Report?

Answer :

Pull up a record template and choose the parameters to report, click on generate report, and the record information appears.

Question 66. How Does The Control And Monitoring System Communicate With The Plant Floor?

Answer :

Communication with gadgets, plant ground, and different devices is accomplished via the chosen media: RS-485 to gadgets converted to Ethernet, modbus, OPC, direct Ethernet, cable, fiber, radio, or any usable media.

Question 67. Hat Is The Fastest Method Of Communicating With The Plant Floor?

Answer :

Currently the fastest method of conversation to gadgets and the plant ground is through a few media the usage of Ethernet.

Question sixty eight. How Do We Ensure That Data Exchange With The Plant-floor Is Maximized?

Answer :

The gadget gives a information nice parameter with most protocols and gadgets.

Question sixty nine. Will The Performance Be Maintained As The Application Grows?

Answer :

Using controlled switches and right cabling overall performance is preserve with increase.

For example:limiting the RS-485 gadgets to five or 6 gadgets in step with 485 LAN connected to the Ethernet.

Question 70. What Is The Built In Language (scripting Engine) Provide Standard Programming Facilities?

Answer :

The gadget makes use of the IEC61131-three (logic engine) programming. Most clients use the “feature block programming” to write the capabilities favored that aren't already in the device or they use Visual Basic Script (VBS), but VBS requires programming code expertise.

Question seventy one. Can We Create Tasks That Are Triggered By System Events Or Run At Certain Times?

Answer :

Yes the machine is occasion driven. Can we spark off different Windows applications Yes, in fact, we release other manufacturer’s software to do many tool precise capabilities like waveform capture and harmonics.