Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Static Ram?

Answer :

No clean, 6 to eight MOS transistors are required to form one reminiscence cell, Information saved as voltage level in a flip flop. Dynamic RAM: Refreshed periodically, 3 to 4 transistors are required to form one reminiscence mobile, Information is stored as a price inside the gate to substrate capacitance.

Question 2. Explain What Is Virtual Memory?

Answer :

This is a technique of extending the to be had physical memory on a laptop. In a virtual reminiscence system, the operating gadget creates a pagefile, or swapfile, and divides memory into gadgets called pages.

Recently referenced pages are placed in physical memory, or RAM. If a web page of memory isn't always referenced for some time, it's miles written to the pagefile. This is referred to as "swapping" or "paging out" reminiscence. If that piece of reminiscence is then later referenced by way of a application, the operating system reads the memory web page back from the pagefile into physical reminiscence, also known as "swapping" or "paging in" reminiscence. The total amount of reminiscence this is available to applications is the quantity of physical reminiscence in the computer further to the dimensions of the pagefile.

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Question three. Can You Please Explain The Difference Between Rdram And Sdram?

Answer :

RDRAM stands for Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. SDRAM stands for Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. The  memories are absolutely distinct memory technologies and aren't well matched with each different. RDRAM is a completely unique design developed by using a enterprise known as Rambus, Inc. RDRAM is extraordinarily rapid and makes use of a slim, excessive-bandwidth "channel" to transmit information at speeds a whole lot quicker than SDRAM.

Question four. List The Benefits Of Upgrading Computers Memory?

Answer :

Upgrading your memory is generally the perfect and least pricey manner to improve your laptop for a widespread raise in overall performance. The computer's RAM reminiscence is its workspace, or where all the instructions it wishes to behave on are stored quickly. Think of the RAM because the desk you operate to sort thru your work. If the dimensions of that desk is small, your performance is constrained in comparison to a larger table that allows you to paintings greater effectively and efficiently. Similarly, a laptop with greater RAM can work greater efficiently because it does no longer want to retrieve records from the tough disk power as often. A reminiscence upgrade is specially useful for users who paintings with large files, have a couple of application open at one time, or use memory-intensive programs which include video games or snap shots and video editing software program.

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Question five. How To Know It's Time For A Memory Upgrade?

Answer :

There are several symptoms indicating it could be time to upgrade your memory. If you spot your mouse pointer grow to be an hourglass for enormous durations of time, in case you listen your difficult force running, or in case your computer seems to paintings extra slowly than you count on, the motive might be insufficient memory. When physical memory is insufficient, the system makes use of Hard Disk Space as memory. This is referred to as "Virtual Memory". Since get admission to time of Physical memory is in tens of NanoSeconds and Access time of Hard Disk is in MilliSeconds, the gadget slows down substantially.

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Question 6. Explain On What Does Microprocessor Speed Depend?

Answer :

The processing speed depends on DATA BUS WIDTH.

Factors on which the Processor velocity depends:

Processor clock velocity
Processor pipelining
Width of the facts and cope with bus, i.E. Max Data that can be fetched at one stretch.
Support for floating factor operations for quicker floating factor operations.
Question 7. Explain Why 8085 Processor Is Called An 8 Bit Processor?

Answer :

Because 8085 processor has eight bit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Review). Similarly 8086 processor has sixteen bit ALU.

Desktop Support Interview Questions
Question eight. Can Adding More Ram Make Internet Browsing Faster?

Answer :

Maybe. Internet browsing speed relies upon on a massive variety of things, inclusive of your connection pace, visitors on the web site you are visiting, and the alternative components to your system. You will possibly word the most important improvement from extra RAM if are viewing or operating with large documents (inclusive of photos and virtual audio and video) or if you switch among your browser and other packages frequently.

Question nine. Can You Please Explain The Difference Between 72 Bit And 64 Bit Memory?

Answer :

72 bit reminiscence is normally known as ECC reminiscence. It has an additional eight bits for Error Correction Check sixty four bit memory is non-ECC. 72 bit or sixty four bit configuration are generally found in 168 pin DIMMs.

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Question 10. Explain The Virtual Memory?

Answer :

In computing, virtual memory is a memory management method advanced for multitasking kernels. This approach virtualizes a laptop structure's numerous sorts of laptop facts garage such as random-get right of entry to reminiscence and disk storage, permitting a program to be designed as though there is only one sort of memory, "virtual" memory, which behaves like immediately and contiguous addressable read/write memory.

Question 11. What Is Ram Parity?

Answer :

RAM parity checking is the storing of a redundant parity bit representing the parity bizarre or maybe of a small quantity of pc records generally one byte stored in random access reminiscence, and the following contrast of the stored and the computed parity to detect whether or not a information errors has passed off.

The parity bit become in the beginning stored in additional person reminiscence chips; with the creation of plug-in DIMM, SIMM, and many others. Modules, they became to be had in non-parity and parity (with a further bit in line with byte, storing 9 bits for every eight bits of real facts) versions.

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Question 12. What Is Shadow Ram?

Answer :

Shadow RAM is a replica of Basic Input/Output Operating System (BIOS) routines from read-simplest memory (ROM) right into a special location of random get right of entry to memory (RAM) so that they can be accessed extra speedy.

Access in shadow RAM is usually within the 60-100 nanosecond variety while ROM get entry to is in the one hundred twenty five-250 ns variety. In some operating structures including DOS, certain BIOS workouts aren't handiest used throughout the boot or startup of the device, however additionally in the course of ordinary operation, in particular to drive the video display terminal. In Windows and OS/2, but, these routines are not used and the use of shadow RAM isn't essential. In some structures, the consumer can turn the usage of shadow RAM off or on.

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Question 13. What Is Tras?

Answer :

tRAS is the minimum range of clock cycles had to get entry to a certain row of facts in RAM among the facts request and the precharge command. It's referred to as energetic to precharge delay. According to Mushkin.Com, in practice for DDR SDRAM, this must be set to at the least tRCD + tCAS + 2 to allow enough time for information to be streamed out. [1]. It stands for row cope with strobe time.

Question 14. What Is Trp?

Answer :

tRP is the wide variety of clock cycles needed to terminate get right of entry to to an open row of reminiscence, and open get admission to to the following row. It stands for row precharge time.

Question 15. What Is Tcas?

Answer :

tCAS is the variety of clock cycles had to get right of entry to a positive column of information in SDRAM. CAS latency is the column address strobe time, now and again known as tCL.

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Question 16. What Is Trcd Timing?

Answer :

tRCD is the quantity of clock cycles delay required among an lively command row address strobe (RAS) and a CAS. It is the time required between the memory controller asserting a row deal with, and then maintaining a column address in the course of the subsequent study or write command. TRCD stands for row address to column cope with put off time.

Question 17. What Is Ecc Memory?

Answer :

Error-correcting code memory (ECC reminiscence) is a type of computer data storage which could locate and correct the greater common styles of internal information corruption. ECC memory is used in most computers where facts corruption cannot be tolerated below any instances, inclusive of for scientific or monetary computing.

ECC memory continues a memory device efficaciously free from single-bit errors: the facts this is study from every phrase is always similar to the facts that were written to it, although a unmarried bit sincerely stored, or greater in a few instances, has been flipped to the incorrect country. Some non-ECC memory with parity aid lets in mistakes to be detected, however now not corrected; in any other case errors which could arise aren't detected.

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Question 18. What Is Feram?

Answer :

Ferroelectric RAM is a random-access reminiscence comparable in creation to DRAM however uses a ferroelectric layer instead of a dielectric layer to obtain non-volatility. FeRAM is one in all a developing quantity of alternative non-unstable random-get admission to reminiscence technology that provide the equal functionality as flash reminiscence. FeRAM advantages over flash encompass: decrease energy utilization, quicker write overall performance and a far extra most variety of write-erase cycles. Disadvantages of FeRAM are lots lower storage densities than flash gadgets, garage capability obstacles, and better cost.

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Question 19. What Is Rdram?

Answer :

Direct Rambus DRAM or DRDRAM (on occasion just referred to as Rambus DRAM or RDRAM) is a sort of synchronous dynamic RAM. RDRAM turned into advanced via Rambus inc., within the mid-Nineties as a substitute for then-established DIMM SDRAM memory architecture.

RDRAM become first of all predicted to come to be the standard in PC memory, in particular after Intel agreed to license the Rambus era to be used with its destiny chipsets. Further, RDRAM changed into anticipated to emerge as a trendy for VRAM. However, RDRAM got embroiled in a standards conflict with an alternative generation - DDR SDRAM, quick dropping out on grounds of charge, and, in a while, performance. By the early 2000s, RDRAM was no longer supported by any mainstream computing architecture.

Question 20. What Is Sdram?

Answer :

Synchronous dynamic random access reminiscence (SDRAM) is dynamic random access reminiscence (DRAM) that is synchronized with the system bus. Classic DRAM has an asynchronous interface, which means that that it responds as quickly as feasible to modifications in control inputs. SDRAM has a synchronous interface, which means that it waits for a clock signal earlier than responding to manipulate inputs and is consequently synchronized with the laptop's device bus. The clock is used to force an inner finite nation machine that pipelines incoming commands. The statistics garage vicinity is divided into several banks, allowing the chip to work on several memory get right of entry to commands at a time, interleaved the various separate banks. This lets in better statistics access costs than an asynchronous DRAM.

Hard disk force (HDD) Interview Questions