Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Rain Water Harvesting?

Answer :

Rain water harvesting means accumulating and storing rain fall (precipitation) at or near the place where it falls.

Question 2. What Is The Purpose Of Rain Water Harvesting?

Answer :

The purpose of rain water harvesting is to use rainfall as a source of water.

Environmental Science Interview Questions
Question 3. Where Is The Water Stored?

Answer :

Water is stored both in specially built tanks or in a subsoil/Aquifer or at each the places.

Question 4. What Does It Cost To Store Rain Water?

Answer :

The value of amassing rain water in a garage tank depends at the kind of structure, place, capability and different parameters. Typically, the fee varies from Re.0.50/- to Rs. 10.00/- according to a liter.

Question five. What Are The Different Structures Used For Rain Water Harvesting??

Answer :

Following are the diverse types of structures used for storing rainfall:

Stone paintings tank
Brick paintings tank.
R.C.C. Tank
Ferro cement tank.
Pond.
Polyethylene sheet lined pond.
Coconut fiber cement tank.
Loose Stone bandhare.
Soil bandhare
R.C.C./Stone Bandhare
Following are the options / techniques for amassing / storing rainfall in subsoil / aquifer :

Percolation trench.
Percolation pit.
Percolation trench with bore.
Percolation pit with bore.
Percolation pond.
Vanarai bandhara.
Loose stone bandhara
Soil bandhara..
Dugout sunken pond
Subsurface dam.
Structures evolved with the assist of strategies / options from(f) to (j) save water for few days to few months. Hence they areused both for storage and for recharge.
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Question 6. Is Rain Water Safe For Drinking?

Answer :

Properly saved "Roof Top Rain Water" may be used for ingesting provided the following care is taken.
Rain water saved must not be exposed to solar.
No exposure to atmosphere.
Ferro cement tank.
It is likewise really helpful that water be disinfected via chlorination before the usage of it for drinking.
Question 7. How Can Rain Water Harvesting Be Useful For Agriculture?

Answer :

A portion of agricultural land (farm land) is used for storing water, will depend upon quantity of water required for farming / horticulture and many others.

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Question eight. Is It Possible To Use Rain Water For Industrial Purpose?

Answer :

It is possible to use rooftop rainwater for commercial cause after right filtration (remedy). Run off rain water can also be amassed in pond and then may be used for industrial purpose after right remedy.

Question nine. Can Rain Water Replace Water Supply For Public Utility?

Answer :

Rain Water can replace water Supply in City, however to what extent will depend on the following. (at the least, it could meet a part of the water requirement of a town):

Annual common rain fall.
Density of population.
Ferro cement tank.
Geology and hydro geology of that place and many other factors.
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Question 10. How Much Spaces Is Required To Collect Rain Water?

Answer :

It relies upon on the quantity to that you choice to apply rain water.Assuming normal conditions, around five% to 10 % region is Sufficient to utilize maximum of the rain fall throughout the monsoon duration or via the entire year.

Question eleven. Who Can Practice Rwh?

Answer :

You, me and each person! It will now not simplest provide you with water in instances of acute water shortage, but can even recharge the groundwater and growth its degree.

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Question 12. Why Should I Implement Rwh?

Answer :

Rainwater is the final source of all of the sparkling water that we use. In India, rainfall takes place in short durations of high depth, permitting the rain falling at the surface to go with the flow away fast. This leaves little scope for recharging the groundwater, which ends up in water scarcity in maximum parts of the united states of america. Through RWH, this erratic rainfall can be conserved, saved & used as in step with comfort, either immediately or for recharging groundwater.

Environmental Science Interview Questions
Question thirteen. Where Can Rwh Be Implemented?

Answer :

RWH may be performed in houses, apartments, societies, faculties, establishments, commercial premises and any other area so long as there may be a catchment area inside the form of a roof or open area to seize the rain.

Domestic rainwater harvesting is a enormously less complicated affair, where even a rain barrel can function a garage unit for rooftop RWH. Individual houses have successfully applied this smooth and eco-friendly approach of augmenting family-degree water availability. Farmers additionally have applied RWH to transform a barren piece of land right into a self sustainable, lush inexperienced farm.

Question 14. Is Rwh Only Feasible For New Buildings?

Answer :

No, present homes can also put into effect RWH via editing the prevailing plumbing and making additions, if essential.

Question 15. What Quantity Of Rainwater Can Be Collected?

Answer :

The rainwater harvested relies upon upon the catchment location, the rainfall pattern in the region and the drianage/ series system used. 

To understand the potential for rainwater harvesting, we could take the example of a residence in Delhi with a terrace vicinity of a hundred sq.. Taking the common annual rainfall in Delhi as 600 mm, and assuming 70% harvesting performance (as a few rainwater could be lost due to evaporation, collection and so on.),

we are able to calculate the amount of water harvested for that reason:

Volume of water harvested = 100 x zero.6 x 0.7=forty two,000litres

This extent is greater than twice the yearly consuming water requirement of a 5-member own family, whose average day by day drinking water requirement is 10 lpcd.

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Question 16. What Is The Cost Involved?

Answer :

The fee will range relying upon the catchment place and the conveyance/ garage systems finalised. RWH can be mounted at a totally low fee in huge plots wherein public buildings, faculties & colleges are placed, and this price is negligible to the entire creation price, if included with the constructing layout.

If planned in an current building, the price is higher due to extra plumbing concerned, but the returns are rich in terms of habitual benefits. 

Question 17. What Types Of Filters Are Needed For Rwh? Which Type Is Needed If The Rainwater Is To Be Used For Flushing Toilets?

Answer :

Various forms of filters are used in RWH. If the rainwater is for use for flushing bathrooms on my own, there may be no need for any filter however the roof wishes to be saved moderately clean. If important, a grating can be constant on the inlet factor to the loft from the roof.

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Question 18. Can The Stored Rainwater In Storage Tanks Be Used For Cooking And Drinking?

Answer :

The rainwater that falls at the roof is natural, however since it comes in touch with numerous surfaces on its manner to the garage units, a few dust and leaves may get carried away with it. This may be reduced if the terrace is swept earlier than the rains. However, even if a few dust or leaves pass into the sump, they do no longer motive any harm as long as the water is boiled earlier than consumption.

Various filters can be utilised to eliminate such suspended pollutants from the rainwater collected to make it more secure for consumption.

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Question 19. What Are The Various Types Of Rwh?

Answer :

Rainwater harvesting can widely be divided into three categories based on the kinds of utilization, the location in which harvesting is executed and the people worried.

Storage or recharge: Based at the form of utilization, systems can both be used to shop the accumulated water for direct use or to recharge groundwater.

Urban-rural distinction: Urbanization has resulted within the shrinking of open areas in addition to unpaved regions. This has resulted no longer most effective in flooding of cities however has additionally prompted water scarcity because of groundwater depletion in widespread and saline water intrusion in coastal cities. While rural harvesting is normally traditional and is done in floor storage our bodies like rivers, tanks, ponds, lakes and many others., city harvesting, due to lack of open space for capturing the runoff, is in most cases in sub-soil garage as groundwater recharge.

Rooftop & driveway harvesting: When we are saying rainwater harvesting, the first factor that involves our mind is the terrace. This greatly restricts the scope of rainwater harvesting as a large amount of water that falls around the built-up location is set free of the building as run-off. Driveway run-off water ought to not be led right into a sump for immediate use or to a source nicely, however it can very well be directed into recharge wells.

Question 20. What Are The Basic Components Of A Rwh And Conservation System?

Answer :

Catchment regions that consist of roofs of buildings and open areas.
Storage devices that may be a barrel, a tank or even a sump.
Conveyance mechanism which transports the water falling on the catchment area to the storage unit.
Question 21. What Are The Characteristics Of A Good Rwh System?

Answer :

The RWH system should make sure that now not a drop of rainwater falling in the premises is permit into the sewerage or wasted as runoff.

This may be performed handiest if the approach adopted within the premises satisfies the following criteria:

Completeness: Both rooftop and driveway runoff water ought to be harvested.

Apportioning of water: To avoid overload of anyone gadget, leading to overflow and loss.

Proper layout: Volume of water likely to drift through and the nature of the soil inside the area should be considered.

Maintainability: Design should contain capabilities making an allowance for periodic protection of the shape.

Question 22. Can Existing Structures Be Used For Rwh?

Answer :

Existing unused systems like dried open wells, sumps and many others can be used for RWH as additionally defunct borewells, in preference to building recharge systems. This can even reduce the overall value.

Question 23. What Does Artificial Recharge To Groundwater Mean?

Answer :

It is a method through which the groundwater is augmented at a price exceeding that received beneath natural conditions of replenishment. Any man made scheme or facility that adds water to an aquifer can be taken into consideration to be an synthetic recharge system.

Question 24. What Are The Various Types Of Recharge Structures ?

Answer :

Recharge systems are constructed to allow rainwater to top off groundwater.

The numerous methods wherein recharge can be achieved is thru:

Abandoned dugwell
Handpump
Recharge pit
Recharge trench
Gravity head recharge tubewell
Recharge shaft
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Question 25. What Is A Recharge Pit? Is It The Same As A Recharge Well?

Answer :

A recharge pit is a hole dug in the floor, typically packed with gravel or jelly to provide it structural strength. However, a recharge properly isn't filled with gravel, however needs concrete rings hooked up in it to stabilise its walls.

Question 26. What Should Be The Depth Of A Recharge Well/pit?

Answer :

For powerful recharge in Bangalore like conditions, a 15-20 toes intensity is needed. (Provided you do no longer hit rock before that depth). If you hit water even as digging the pit, you want to ask the people to be cautious even as they continue digging. The diameter of the pit you select relies upon on  things: area to be had and the quantity of water you will send in.  A 3 feet dia X 20 toes pit will ‘maintain’ around 4000 litres (for recharging the floor). A five ft x 30 ft structure can keep 16000 litres.

Question 27. What Are The Legal Guidelines And Their Implication For Recharge Pit Sizes?

Answer :

As consistent with the law, you need to store or recharge 20 litres for for each squarem of roof vicinity and 10 litres for every sq.M of non-roof (ground surfaces consisting of parking, outside) location. This is for plot sizes of 40x60 sq.M or extra.  For e.G. If your house has about a hundred squarem of roof vicinity, and approximately 50 squarem of non-roof place, then you may want to create potential for at least 2500 litres of  water. If you are using a one thousand litre tank to keep rainwater for immediate use, you could join the overflow to a 4000 litre (3 toes x 20 ft) recharge well.

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Question 28. How Much Do Recharge Pits Cost?

Answer :

The cost of digging a 3 ft diameter well, that is 20 feet deep, is approximately Rs 20,000.

Question 29. What Are The Basic Steps To Begin The Process Of Rwh?

Answer :

3 steps to begin RWH:

Step 1:  Ask your self: Why Rainwater Harvesting

In many instances RWH is applied to gain all three of those goals. 

Is it a supply of supplemental water (for that reason lowering demand from your current assets)
Is it to recharge floor water sources as you are depending on borewells/open wells
Is it additionally as a flood manipulate degree
Step 2: 

Understand the method to your layout.
Consider the land use pattern
Choose domestic RWH system with storage tank or use an existing sump as garage
Need for making an investment in recharge wells
Engagement with human beings, dialogue with other citizens as water managers
Step 3:  Talk to an professional 
Question 30. What Are The Benefits Of Rwh ?

Answer :

Flood mitigation: Appropriately designed recharge structures in open public areas, will help hold the roads from flooding. When water isn't allowed to go away the premises, the chances of it choking up the roads are minimum.

Increasing groundwater ranges: Marked improvement of both the amount as well as the quality of the groundwater in areas which have applied rainwater harvesting

Greater water availablity: Rainwater accumulated in garage tanks is to be had as and when needed

Prevents soil erosion and flooding specially in urban areas

Question 31. Is Rwh A New Trend?

Answer :

RWH may be traced back to heaps of years in India. Our ancestors traditionally harvested rainwater thru tankas, johads, madakas and lots of such nearby innovative systems that may be visible even nowadays, across the us of a. 

Question 32. Which Of The States Have Taken Action To Promote Rainwater Harvesting ?

Answer :

In compliance to CGWA (Central Ground Water Authority) instructions, steps have been taken by way of states/UTs to promote and to make rainwater harvesting mandatory. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Ranchi Regional Development Authority, Bombay Municipal Corporation and Pimpri – Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Municipal Corporation of Ludhiana, Improvement Trust, Jalandhar, Jaipur Municipal Corporation, Mussorie Dehradun Development Authority, and Union Territories of Delhi, Daman & Diu and Puducherry have made necessary provisions of their constructing bye-legal guidelines to make set up of rain water harvesting structures mandatory.