Interview Questions.

Question 1. What You Mean By Tenant And Role Regarding Openstack ?

Answer :

In OpenStack,  the authorization stage of the user is called function and the institution of customers is called tenant.

Question 2. What Types Of Storage Openstack Compute Provides?

Answer :

OpenStack gives  training of block garage:

Volume Storage: It is continual and now not depending on any particular instance. Volumes are created by way of users and within Quota
Ephemeral Storage: It is associated with a single example.They effectively disappear while a virtual machine is terminated.
Python Interview Questions
Question 3. Define Openstack?

Answer :

OpenStack is a fixed of software program equipment for building and handling cloud computing structures for public and private clouds.

Question four. Give An Overview Of Openstack Services?

Answer :

OpenStack gives offerings like :

Glance: Manages images in special formats
Ceilometer: Openstack for billing
Cinder: Provides persistent block storage
Neutron: Enables users to create and attach interfaces to networks
Nova: Provides times on person’s demand
Swift: Storage platform incorporated directly into applications
Heat: Allows computerized infrastructure deployment
Keystone: Provides authorization and authentication for users

Python Tutorial
Question 5. What Are The Basic Functions Of Identity Service In Openstack?

Answer :

The simple functions of Identity Service is:

Service Catalog: It provides a catalog of available offerings with their API endpoints
User Management: It tracks the customers and their permissions

Cloud Computing Interview Questions
Question 6. Explain Modular Architecture Of Openstack?

Answer :

The three components that make modular structure for OpenStack are:

OpenStack Compute: For coping with huge networks of the digital gadget.
Image Service: The shipping provider affords discovery and registration for digital disk images.
OpenStack Object Storage: A garage machine that gives aid for each block garage and item garage.

Question 7. Explain What Hypervisor Is And What Type Of Hypervisor Does Openstack Supports?

Answer :

In virtualization era, hypervisor is a software program software that manages more than one operating structures (or a couple of times of the same operating device) on a single laptop gadget.

The kinds of hypervisor that OpenStack helps are :

KVM
Containers
Xen and HyperV
VMware
Cloud Computing Tutorial Networking Interview Questions
Question eight. What Is The Meaning Of Term “cinder” In Openstack Service?

Answer :

Cinder is used for handling continual garage in OpenStack.The one this is used by default is LVM, called Cinder-Volumes.

Question nine. What Is The Command Used For Unpause And Pause An Instance?

Answer :

To unpause an example – $ nova unpause INSTANCE_NAME
To pause an instance – $ nova pause INSTANCE_NAME
System Administration Interview Questions
Question 10. Explain How You Can Transfer Volume From One Owner To Another In Openstack?

Answer :

You can transfer a quantity from one proprietor to another by means of using the command cinder transfer*.

Networking Tutorial
Question 11. What Are The Main Components Of Identity User Management?

Answer :

Users: It is a virtual illustration of a person, provider or system who uses OpenStack cloud services
Roles: A position includes a fixed of rights and privileges. A position determines what operations a user is authorized to perform in a given tenant
Tenants: A box used to institution or isolate useful resource or identity gadgets. Depending on carrier operator a tenant may additionally map to a purchaser, account, organisation or mission.

Red Hat Linux Essentials Interview Questions
Question 12. Mention What Is The Command To Remove Network Interface From Bare-metallic Node?

Answer :

To cast off community interface from naked-metal node command used is naked-steel – interface cast off.

Python Interview Questions
Question 13. Explain What Is The Function Of Cinder Scheduler?

Answer :

Cinder Scheduler or routing volume create requests to an appropriate quantity provider

Microsoft Azure Tutorial
Question 14. List Out The Storage Locations For Vm Images In Openstack?

Answer :

OpenStack Object Storage :

 Filesystem
 S3
 HTTP
 RBD or Rados Block Device
 GridFS
Question 15. Explain About Openstack Python Sdk?

Answer :

For writing python scripts and dealing with in Openstack cloud, SDK (Software Development Kit) is used. The SDK implements Python binding to the OpenStack API, which allows you to acquire automation obligations in Python by means of making calls on Python items rather than making REST calls directly.

Red Hat Linux System Administration Interview Questions
Question 16. Explain What Is Token In Openstack?

Answer :

Token is an alpha-numeric string which permits get admission to to a certain set of offerings relying upon the get entry to degree of the user

Question 17. Explain What Is Cells In Openstack?

Answer :

Cells functionality enables you to scale an OpenStack Compute cloud in a greater simplistic way.  When this functionality is enabled, the hosts in an OpenStack Compute cloud are partitioned into institution referred to as cells. Cells are configured as trees.

Microsoft Azure Interview Questions
Question 18. For Networking, What Hardware Is Used In Openstack?

Answer :

In OpenStack, networking is achieved in following approaches :

Ports
Vendor Plugins
Networks
Routers
Subnets
Cloud Computing Interview Questions
Question 19. Mention What Are The Networking Options Used In Openstack?

Answer :

The networking options utilized in OpenStack are:

VLAN Network Manager: Compute creates a VLAN and bridge; DHCP server is started for every VLAN to bypass out IP addresses to VM instances.
Flat DHCP Network Manager: IP addresses for VM instances are fetched from the subnet designated through the community administrator
Flat Network Manager: IP addresses for VM times are fetched from the subnet, after which injected into the picture on release

Question 20. What Is The Command To Manage Floating Ip Addresses In Openstack?

Answer :

nova floating-ip-*

Amazon Web Services (AWS) Interview Questions
Question 21. What Is The Meaning Of Term “flavor” In Openstack?

Answer :

A flavour is an available hardware configuration for a server, which defines the scale of a virtual server that may be launched.

Question 22. What Is Bare-metallic Node And What Does It Comprised Of?

Answer :

It gives get admission to to govern bare metallic driver, via which user can manage physical hardware sources on the identical community.
Bare metal node is comprised of  separate additives
Bare steel node Operating System: It is a base software, which runs on every node in the cluster.
Bare metallic node Orchestrator: It’s a control software program, which acts as a dispatcher to all nodes within the cluster.
Question 23. What Is The Command Used To List Ip Address Information?

Answer :

$ nova floating-ip-pool-listing

Amazon Cloud Computing Interview Questions
Question 24. What Are Functions Of “nova” ?

Answer :

Instance life cycle management
Management of compute resources
Networking and Authorization
REST-based API
Asynchronous ultimately consistent verbal exchange
Hypervisor agnostic : help for Xen, XenServer/XCP, KVM, UML, VMware vSphere and Hyper-V
Networking Interview Questions
Question 25. What Are Components Of Openstack Compute ?

Answer :

Nova Cloud Fabric is composed of the subsequent principal additives:

API Server (nova-api)
Message Queue (rabbit-mq server)
Compute Workers (nova-compute)
Network Controller (nova-network)
Volume Worker (nova-quantity)
Scheduler (nova-scheduler)
Question 26. What Is Job Of Api-server ?

Answer :

The API Server provides an interface for the out of doors international to engage with the cloud infrastructure.

Mirantis OpenStack Interview Questions
Question 27. What Is Rabbit Mq Server ?

Answer :

OpenStack communicates among themselves the use of the message queue through AMQP.

System Administration Interview Questions
Question 28. What Are Functions And Features Of Swift ?

Answer :

Storage of massive sized objects
Storage of huge wide variety of items
Data Redundancy
Archival abilties – Work with large datasets
Data container for virtual machines and cloud apps
Media Streaming abilties
Secure storage of objects
Extreme scalability
Backup and archival
Question 29. What Do You Understand By Horizon ?

Answer :

Horizon the internet based dashboard can be used to manage /administer OpenStack services.

Linux Virtualization Interview Questions
Question 30. What Are Commands To Generate Keypairs ?

Answer :

ssh-keygen
cd .Ssh
nova keypair-upload –pub_key id_rsa.Pub mykey
Question 31. How You Can View The Rules ?

Answer :

Rules can be viewed with the command:

$ nova secgroup-listing-policies myservers

Question 32. Give An Example Where Logs Help In Openstack Security ?

Answer :

For instance, analyzing the get entry to logs of Identity service or its alternative authentication gadget could alert us to failed logins, frequency, origin IP, whether or not the activities are limited to choose accounts and different pertinent statistics. Log evaluation helps detection.

VMware Interview Questions
Question 33. Why Compliance Is Required In Openstack ?

Answer :

Compliance means adhering to guidelines, specs, requirements and laws.

An OpenStack deployment may additionally require compliance sports for many purposes, consisting of regulatory and prison necessities, patron need, privateness concerns, and security fine practices. The Compliance function is critical for the business and its clients.

Red Hat Linux Essentials Interview Questions
Question 34. What Are Data Privacy Concerns In Openstack, How Those Can Be Remediated?

Answer :

Data residency: Concerns over who owns information within the cloud and whether the cloud operator may be in the end depended on as a custodian of this facts were widespread issues inside the past.

Data disposal:– Best practices advise that the operator sanitize cloud gadget media (virtual and non-digital) prior to disposal, launch out of company control or release for reuse.

Data now not securely erased:- This may be remediated with database and/or device configuration for vehicle vacuuming and periodic loose-space wiping.

Instance memory scrubbing, Cinder quantity information, Image provider put off delete feature.

Question 35. What Is Sanitization Process ?

Answer :

The sanitization process removes facts from the media such that the statistics can't be retrieved or reconstructed. Sanitization techniques, consisting of clearing, purging, cryptographic erase, and destruction, prevent the disclosure of information to unauthorized individuals while such media is reused or launched for disposal.

Question 36. How To Create A Normal User In Openstack ?

Answer :

sudo nova-manipulate consumer create person-name

Red Hat Linux System Administration Interview Questions
Question 37. How You Assign A Project To A User ?

Answer :

sudo nova-manipulate project add –mission=project_name

–consumer=user_name

Question 38. How You Can Remove A Rule From Security Group ?

Answer :

nova secgroup-delete-rule webserver tcp 443 443 zero.0.Zero.Zero/zero

Question 39. How To Display Images Using Nova Client ?

Answer :

nova photo-list

Question 40. How To See A List Of Roles And The Associated Ids In Our Environment ?

Answer :

keystone position-listing

Microsoft Azure Interview Questions
Question 41. What Is Job Of User Crud ?

Answer :

The user CRUD filter enables customers to use a HTTP PATCH to exchange their own password.

Question forty two. Where Caching Configuration Is Stored ?

Answer :

The majority of the caching configuration options are set within the [cache] segment of the keystone.Conf document.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) Interview Questions
Question 43. What Is Alarm In Openstack ?

Answer :

Alarms offer person-orientated Monitoring-as-a-Service for resources going for walks on OpenStack. This type of tracking ensures you can robotically scale in or out a collection of times through the Orchestration module, but you could additionally use alarms for general-purpose recognition of your cloud assets’ fitness.

Question 44. How To Migrate Running Instances From One Openstack Compute Server To Another Openstack Compute Server ?

Answer :

Check the ID of the example to be migrated
Check the data related to the instance
Select the compute node the instance can be migrated to.
Check that Host has enough resources for migration
Migrate the example the usage of the $ nova stay-migration SERVER HOST_NAME command.
Question 45. How You Can Change Behavior Of Dhcp Server ?

Answer :

The conduct of dnsmasq may be customized via developing a dnsmasq configuration file

Question forty six. What Is Orchestration ?

Answer :

Orchestration is an orchestration engine that provides the opportunity to release more than one composite cloud packages primarily based on templates inside the form of text files that can be treated like code.

Question 47. What Is Use Of Account Reaper ?

Answer :

In the history, the account reaper eliminates information from the deleted money owed.

Question forty eight. What You Will Do In Case Of Drive Failure ?

Answer :

In the event that a pressure has failed, step one is to make certain the force is unmounted. This will make it simpler for Object Storage to work across the failure until it's been resolved. If the force is going to be replaced without delay, then it's miles just exceptional to replace the drive, layout it, remount it, and permit replication fill it up.

Question 49. What You Will Do In Case Of Server Failure ?

Answer :

If a server is having hardware issues, it is a great idea to make sure the Object Storage services aren't walking. This will allow Object Storage to work across the failure while you troubleshoot.

If the server just needs a reboot, or a small amount of labor that have to simplest closing multiple hours, then it is probably high-quality to permit Object Storage work across the failure and get the gadget fixed and returned on-line. When the machine comes lower back on line, replication will make sure that some thing that is missing at some point of the downtime will get updated.

If you can't replace the pressure right now, then it's far first-rate to go away it unmounted, and put off the power from the hoop. This will allow all of the replicas that were on that force to be replicated some place else until the drive is changed. Once the power is replaced, it is able to be re-introduced to the hoop.

Question 50. How You Will Install Dhcp Agent ?

Answer :

# apt-get install neutron-dhcp-agent

Question fifty one. Who Is Openstack For?

Answer :

OpenStack is for service vendors, firms, government groups and academic establishments that want to construct public or non-public clouds. Industries range from IT & telco to SaaS and eCommerce to finance and healthcare. You can read more about how agencies are becoming agile, decreasing expenses and avoiding dealer lock-in with OpenStack.

Question 52. What Does It Mean For The Cloud Ecosystem?

Answer :

Wide adoption of an open-source, open-requirements cloud should be huge for all of us. It manner clients gained’t should fear lock-in and era organizations can take part in a growing market that spans cloud vendors. Companies are already the usage of OpenStack to offer public clouds, support, schooling and system integration offerings and hardware and software products.

A notable analogy comes from the early days of the Internet: the transition far from fractured, proprietary flavors of UNIX closer to open-supply Linux. An open cloud stands to offer the identical blessings for large-scale cloud computing that the Linux widespread provided in the server.

Question fifty three. Mention What Are The Three Components That Make Modular Architecture Of Openstack?

Answer :

The three components that make modular architecture for OpenStack are:

OpenStack Compute: For handling massive networks of the virtual gadget
OpenStack Object Storage: A garage device that gives assist for both block garage and object storage
Image Service: The transport carrier provides discovery and registration for virtual disk pix
Question fifty four. What Is Identity Service In Openstack?

Answer :

Keystone is the maximum crucial and favored Identity Service in OpenStack and executes the complete OpenStack Identity API.

Question fifty five. How Can You Create A Token?

Answer :

Users first need to authenticate their Keystone credentials to create a token.