Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Multicast?

Answer :

Multicast is a way of sending the facts from one supply to such a lot of receivers.

Question 2. What Are The Protocols Used In Multicast?

Answer :

IGMP - Provides the communique among host and Router

PIM(IPV4), MLD(IPV6)- Provides the verbal exchange between Router and Router

IGMP Snooping & CGMP - Provides the communication between Router & Switch

Networking Interview Questions
Question three. What Is Igmp?

Answer :

IGMP is a protocol which permits the host to enroll in specific group with the aid of signalling the router.

Question four. What Is The Difference Between Igmpv1 And Igmpv2?

Answer :

In IGMPV1 there are simplest 2 messages are used ( Membership Query and Membership Report) whereas in IGMPV2 there may be one more message extra( Query, Report and Leave).
In IGMPV1 there may be no Group Membership Query message.
There is no Querier Election mechanism in IGMPV1.
Networking Tutorial
Question five. What Is The Use Of Multicast Distribution Tree?

Answer :

Multicast Distribution Tree specifies the route among source and Receiver wherein multicast visitors have to be forwarded.

There are particularly two forms of Multicast Distribution Trees

Source Tree
Shared Tree
Hardware and Networking Interview Questions
Question 6. What Is The Source Tree ?

Answer :

Source Tree:

Used in each PIM Sparse Mode and Dense Mode.
Uses Source because the Root of the Multicast Tree and Receivers are performing like branches.
It is likewise called Shortest Path Tree because it uses the shortest direction among source and receiver.
Every Router in Source Tree will upload (S,G) Entries in multicast routing table.
      Where S = Source or Sender IP deal with ( Unicast) (192.1.1.1)

        G = Destination IP deal with ( Multicast IP deal with) (224.5.5.Five)

Question 7. What Is The Shared Tree?

Answer :

Used in both PIM Sparse Mode simplest.
Uses Rendezvous Point as the Root of the Multicast Tree and shortest path tree might be created among i) Source & RP ii) Receiver & RP
It is likewise known as Root Path Tree or Core Based Tree.
Every Router in Source Tree will upload (*,G) Entries in multicast routing table.
    Where  * = All Sources

               G = Destination IP address ( Multicast IP cope with)(224.5.Five.5)

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Tutorial Switching Interview Questions
Question eight. What Is Pim?

Answer :

PIM is a protocol used between the routers to forward multicast site visitors. PIM works in two modes

PIM Dense Mode
PIM Sparse Mode
Question 9. What Is Packet Filter?

Answer :

Packet filter is a trendy router equipped with some extra capability. The extra capability permits each incoming or outgoing packet to be inspected. Packets meeting a few criterion are forwarded generally. Those that fail the check are dropped.

Routing Protcol Interview Questions
Question 10. What Is Traffic Shaping?

Answer :

One of the principle causes of congestion is that traffic is regularly busy. If hosts could be made to transmit at a uniform charge, congestion might be much less common. Another open loop method to assist manipulate congestion is forcing the packet to be transmitted at a greater predictable charge. This is called visitors shaping.

Internet Protocol model 4 (IPv4) Tutorial
Question eleven. What Is Multicast Routing?

Answer :

Sending a message to a collection is known as multicasting, and its routing set of rules is known as multicast routing.

Internet Protocol model 6 (IPv6) Interview Questions
Question 12. What Is Region?

Answer :

When hierarchical routing is used, the routers are divided into what we will call areas, with every router knowing all the details about a way to route packets to destinations inside its own area, but knowing nothing approximately the internal structure of other areas.

Networking Interview Questions
Question 13. What Is Silly Window Syndrome?

Answer :

It is a hassle that can damage TCP performance. This problem happens when facts are handed to the sending TCP entity in massive blocks, but an interactive application on the receiving aspect reads 1 byte at a time.

Question 14. Describe How The Multicast Protocol Works?

Answer :

Multicast protocol or Internet protocol can provide a singles message to more than one machines. One packet from the supply is replicated and sent to the destination. Every multicast message calls for a multi case organization. The institution defines the addresses with the intention to receive the message. The institution is defined by way of the class D cope with. Different routing protocols are used to find the multicast agencies and construct routes for them. Distance Vector Multicast protocol is one among them. The receiver, to whom the multicast packet is despatched to, needs to ‘join’ the organization. Joining the organization is enabled and controlled by means of IGMP. Multicast routers are used to transmit the messages from one community to another.

Question 15. Describe How To Control The Scope Of Multicast Transmissions.?

Answer :

Controlling the scope of multicast transmission restricts the range of organization members. TTL (Time To Live) is one of the mechanisms to restriction the scope. If the TTL cost is small, packets could best be multicast to smaller distance locations. More the cost of TTL, extra would be the scope of transmission to a bigger wide variety of machines. Administrative scoping is any other mechanism. In this, transmission is limited to a particular address space of an organisation or a site.

Internet Protocol version four (IPv4) Interview Questions
Question sixteen. Explain Why Use Multicasting?

Answer :

When the equal message or packet wishes to be despatched to multiple locations, multicasting is used.
Within campus and places of work, the usage of multicasting record distribution may be achieved.
System messages, news and films may be sent on the equal time.
More normally used for audio and video streaming. 
Used for programming on MBone which lets in the users at high-bandwidth factors to acquire video and sound programming.
It additionally makes use of a protocol which lets in the signal to be encapsulated as TCP/IP packet.
Question 17. What Is A Socket?

Answer :

A socket is used to connect an application to a network protocol. A socket allows conversation among a patron and a server. The communique is began when the consumer is assigned a nearby port range, and binds a socket to it. The purchaser writes at the socket and receives statistics from server by using studying it.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Interview Questions
Question 18. What Are Sockets? How Do Sockets Work?

Answer :

A socket is used to attach an utility to a community protocol. A socket enables verbal exchange among a client and a server. The conversation is started when the client is assigned a local port quantity, and binds a socket to it. The purchaser writes at the socket and gets records from server via analyzing it. The Socket class is used to speak. It provides wealthy set of strategies for each asynchronous and synchronous statistics switch. ConnectAsync is used to start an asynchronous connection. SendAsync and ReceiveAsync are used to ship and receive statistics. Shutdown and near methods are used to shutdown and close the sockets.

Hardware and Networking Interview Questions