Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Mule ?

Answer :

Mule is a light-weight occasion-driven organization provider bus (ESB) and an integration platform. It is a light-weight and modular answer that could scale from an application-degree messaging framework to an organization-huge quite distributable object broker.

Question 2. What Difficulties Mule Does Encompass ?

Answer :

Transport: programs can accept input from a variety of manner, from the document device to the network.
Data format: speaking the right protocol is best a part of the answer, as programs can use nearly any form of illustration for the records they exchange.
Invocation styles: synchronous, asynchronous, or batch name semantics entail very extraordinary integration techniques.
Lifecycles: applications of various origins that serve varied functions generally tend to have disparate improvement, protection, and operational lifecycles.
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Question 3. Why Mule Was Designed ?

Answer :

Mule’s center become designed as an occasion-driven framework mixed with a unified illustration of messages, expandable with pluggable modules. These modules could provide assist for a huge range of transports or add extra features, consisting of distributed transactions, security, or management. Mule was also designed as a programmatic framework imparting programmers the way to graft extra behavior inclusive of precise message processing or custom facts transformation.

Question 4. Why The Name Mule ?

Answer :

There is a lot of infrastructure paintings to be completed before we are able to absolutely start thinking about enforcing any common sense. So this infrastructure work is seemed as “donkey paintings” because it desires doing for each task. A Mule is likewise commonly known as a provider of load, transferring it from one vicinity to any other. The load it makes a speciality of moving is our organisation records.

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Question five. What Are Available Esbs Apart From Mule ?

Answer :

All important JEE vendors (BEA, IBM, Oracle, Sun) have an ESB of their catalog. It is unremarkably primarily based on their middleware technologies and is typically at the core of a miles broader SOA product suite. There also are some business ESBs that have been constructed with the aid of companies not within the discipline of JEE application servers, like the ones from Progress Software, IONA Technologies, and Software AG.

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Question 6. What Are Differences Between Mule And Other Commercial Esbs ?

Answer :

Prescriptive deployment model, whereas Mule supports a wide variety of deployment strategies. Prescriptive SOA technique, while Mule can include the architectural style and SOA practices in vicinity wherein it is deployed. Mainly targeted on higher-stage issues, while Mule deals notably with all the details of integration. Strict full-stack internet carrier orientation, whereas Mule’s capacities as an integration framework open it to all forms of other protocols. Comprehensive documentation, a subject on which MuleSource has made massive progress currently.

Question 7. What Is Model Layer In Mule ?

Answer :

The first logical layer is the version layer. A Mule model represents the runtime environment that hosts offerings. It defines the behavior of Mule when processing requests dealt with by using services. The version presents offerings with assisting functions, such as exception strategies. It additionally gives services with default values that simplify their configuration.

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Question 8. What Is Service Layer In Mule ?

Answer :

A Mule carrier consists of all of the Mule entities worried in processing specific requests in predefined manners.A carrier is defined through a selected configuration. This configuration determines the special elements, from the specific layers of obligation, in order to be mobilized to process the requests that it will likely be open to get hold of. Depending on the kind of input channel it makes use of, a service can also or might not be publicly reachable outdoor of the ESB.

Question 9. What Is Transport Layer In Mule ?

Answer :

The transport layer is in charge of receiving or sending messages. This is why it is worried with each inbound and outbound communications. A transport manifests itself within the configuration with the aid of the following factors: connectors, endpoints and transformers.

A shipping also defines one message adapter. A message adapter is responsible for extracting all the facts available in a selected request (records, meta statistics, attachments, and so forth) and storing them in delivery-agnostic style in a Mule message. 

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Question 10. What Is Connector In Mule ?

Answer :

A connector is in rate of controlling the use of a particular protocol. It is configured with parameters which are precise to this protocol and holds any kingdom that can be shared with the underlying entities in fee of the real communications.

For instance: a JMS connector is configured with a Connection, which is shared by using the distinct entities in charge of the real conversation.

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Question 11. What Is Endpoint In Mule ?

Answer :

An endpoint represents the unique utilization of a protocol, whether it is for listening/polling, reading from, or writing to a particular target vacation spot. Hence it controls what underlying entities can be used with the connector they rely upon. The goal vacation spot itself is described as a URI. Depending on the connector, the URI will undergo a distinct meaning; for example, it can represent a URL or a JMS vacation spot.

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Question 12. What Is Transformer In Mule ?

Answer :

A transformer looks after translating the content material of a message from one form to every other. It is viable to chain transformers to cumulate their outcomes. Transformers can kick in at unique stages even as a message transits via a carrier.

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Question 13. What Is Router In Mule ?

Answer :

Routers play a crucial role in controlling the trajectory a message will follow when it transits in Mule. They are the gatekeepers of the endpoints of a service, taking care of preserving messages at the right succession of tracks so they can attain their supposed locations. Certain routers act like the large type yards: they can break up, type, or regroup messages based totally on sure situations.

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Question 14. What Is Filter In Mule ?

Answer :

Filters are a powerful complement to the routers. Filters offer the brains routers want to make clever decisions approximately what to do with messages in transit. Some filters move as a long way as deeply reading the content material of a message for a selected fee on which their final results can be primarily based.

Question 15. What Is Component In Mule ?

Answer :

Components are the centerpiece of Mule’s offerings. Each carrier is organized with a thing at its middle and inbound and outbound routers around it. Components are used to implement a specific behavior in a service. This behavior may be as simple as logging messages or can pass as a long way as invoking other services. Components also can have no conduct in any respect; if so they're pass-thru and make the service act as a bridge among its inbound and outbound routers.

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Question sixteen. How Message In Mule Is Composed ?

Answer :

A Mule message is composed of various components: The payload, that is the main statistics content carried with the aid of the message.

The properties, which contain the meta records much like the header of a SOAP envelope or the houses of a JMS message. Optionally, multiple named attachments, to assist the belief of multipart messages.

Optionally, an exception payload, which holds any mistakes that took place for the duration of the processing of the occasion.

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Question 17. What Are Configuration Builders In Mule ?

Answer :

Mule makes use of configuration builders that can translate a human-authored configuration file into the complicated graph of gadgets that constitutes a jogging node of this ESB. The predominant builders are of  sorts: a Spring-driven builder, which fits with XML documents, and a script builder, that can take delivery of scripting language files.

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Question 18. Why Spring-pushed Configuration Builder Is Important Than Script Builder ?

Answer :

The blessings of Spring-driven configuration builder

It is the most popular — you're more likely to discover examples the use of this syntax.
It is the maximum user friendly — Spring looks after wiring collectively all the shifting elements of the ESB, some thing you have to do via hand with a script builder.
It is the maximum expressive — devoted XML schemas define the area-unique language of Mule, permitting you to deal with better-degree ideas than the scripting technique does.
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Question 19. What Is Bridge Component In Mule ?

Answer :

A bridge aspect is used to skip the messages from the inbound router to the outbound one. A bridge is a impartial factor: it does no longer perform any action or regulate messages that it procedures.

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Question 20. What Tags Are Used To Configure Spring Elements In Mule ?

Answer :

Tags like <spring:bean/> <spring:entry/> and many others. Are used to configure spring stuff.

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Question 21. What Are Available Approaches Used For Modularizing Configurations In Mule ?

Answer :

There are specific following approaches that may be used while modularizing a configuration.

Independent configurations – a Mule example can load several independent configuration files facet by way of facet.
Inherited configurations – foremost idea is to specific a proper determine-toddler dependency between  configurations. By strongly expressing this dependency, you may have the assure at boot time that no configuration report has been disregarded. Simply by way of using the identical call for the determine and infant models and by means of flagging the kid as being an inheritor, as shown right here:
<model name="myConfig">
<model name="myConfig" inherit="true">
Imported configurations – You can without difficulty import outside Spring application context files into your Mule configuration files. The following illustrates how instance.Xml would import its Spring context record:
<spring:beans>
<spring:import resource="instance-beans.Xml" />
</spring:beans>
Heterogeneous configurations – It is viable to mix numerous varieties of Mule configuration in an example. An example can be configured with a Groovy script and Spring XML configuration builders.
Question 22. Give An Example Of Stdio Connector In Mule ?

Answer :

<stdio:connector name="SystemStreamConnector" promptMessage="Please enter something: " messageDelayTime="1000"/>

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Question 23. Give An Example Of Http Connector In Mule ?

Answer :

<http:connector name="HttpConnector"proxyHostname="proxyHostname" 
proxyPort="proxyPort"
proxyUsername="proxyUsername"proxyPassword="proxyPassword"/>

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Question 24. When Does Mule Instantiates A Connector ?

Answer :

If Mule figures out that one among our endpoints desires a specific connector, it's going to mechanically instantiate one for us, using all of the default values for its one of a kind configuration parameters. This is a superbly viable method if we are happy with the conduct of the connector when it makes use of its default configuration. This is frequently the case for the VM or HTTP transports. Note that Mule will name these default connectors with monikers inclusive of connector.Http.Zero.

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Question 25. What Is Transport Service Descriptor In Mule ?

Answer :

The connector has a technical configuration called the Transport Service Descriptor (TSD). This hidden configuration is routinely used for every instance of the connector. It defines technical parameters along with what instructions to apply for the message receivers, requesters, and dispatchers; or the default transformers to use in inbound, outbound, and reaction routers. Knowing these default values is vital to grasping the conduct of a shipping.

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Question 26. How Many Endpoints Are There In Mule ?

Answer :

There are  endpoints :

inbound 
outbound.
You will use inbound and outbound endpoints to talk among additives and services inside Mule as well as with the outside international.

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Question 27. What Is An Outbound Endpoint In Mule ?

Answer :

Outbound endpoints are used to ship facts. An outbound endpoint is used to do matters such as ship SOAP messages, write to report streams, and send e-mail messages.

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Question 28. What Is Global Endpoint In Mule ?

Answer :

An endpoint destination this is shared by using several routers, it is well worth creating a global endpoint. A worldwide endpoint is not typified for inbound or outbound routing, making it usable in lots of specific locations in a configuration report. It have to be named so it may actually be used in a provider, so one can reference the global endpoint by means of its call. A global endpoint also can help clarify using a selected destination.

Question 29. Why Does An Endpoint In Mule Offer An Address Attribute ?

Answer :

This lets in us to configure a time-honored endpoint the use of the Mule 1.X style of URI-based totally destination addresses in place of the devoted attributes of the particular endpoint element.

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Question 30. Give An Example Of File Endpoint In Mule ?

Answer :

<file:endpoint name="tmpPoller" path="/tmp" fileAge="1000"pollingFrequency="2000"/>

Question 31. What Is Streaming Property In File Connector In Mule ?

Answer :

The cost of this streaming belongings can be both genuine or false. If it is set to genuine then we are genuinely operating on move of record data in any other case we're operating with report itself.

Question 32. What Is Pollingfrequency Property In File Connector In Mule ?

Answer :

When we need record inbound endpoints to ballot  their source directories for brand new content material. This is accomplished by putting the pollingFrequency to some milliseconds cost.

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Question 33. What Is Autodelete Property In File Connector In Mule ?

Answer :

The default value of autoDelete is real. Therefore, a document inbound endpoint will, by using default, eliminate the record from the supply directory as soon as it's far examine by the inbound endpoint. If you do now not want to delete record robotically then you can set autoDelete belongings to false.

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Question 34. What Is Fileage Property In File Connector In Mule ?

Answer :

The fileAge assets specifies how lengthy the endpoint should wait earlier than studying the report once more. For example, a fileAge of 60000 shows Mule must wait a minute earlier than processing the file again.

Question 35. How To Send Only Certain Types Of File From One Directory To Another In Mule ?

Answer :

Use the underneath detail in report inbound to filter out sure kinds of documents.

<file:filename-wildcard-filter pattern="file*.Xml"/></file:inbound-endpoint> sample shows what sample of record names need to pass from one listing to any other directory.

Question 36. What Is Vm Transport In Mule ?

Answer :

The VM delivery is a unique form of delivery which you’ll use to ship messages via memory. These messages by no means depart the JVM the Mule example is running in.

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Question 37. What Is Multicasting Router In Mule ?

Answer :

The multicasting router can ship messages to multiple endpoints over exceptional transports. The multicasting router allows you to effortlessly move the identical messages across these distinctive endpoints.

Question 38. What Is Mule Transformer ?

Answer :

It is an occasion, extra specially an example of org.Mule.Api.MuleEvent. This item contains no longer most effective the real content of the message however additionally the context of the event.

Question 39. What Is Mule Context ?

Answer :

The Mule context is composed of references to special objects, including security credentials, if any, the consultation wherein the request is processed. All internals of the ESB are available via Mule context

Question forty. What Is Payload In Mule ?

Answer :

The content material of a message, additionally called payload. It is wrapped in an instance of org.Mule.Api.MuleMessage, which offers exceptional means of accessing the payload below exceptional forms. A MuleMessage additionally incorporates houses, similar to the header of a SOAP envelope or the houses of a JMS message, and can also have a couple of named attachments.

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Question forty one. What Are Different Type Of Messages In Mule ?

Answer :

Bridge messages: Pass messages from inbound to outbound routers.
Echo and log messages: Log messages and flow them from inbound to outbound routers.
Build messages: Create messages from constant or dynamic values
Question forty two. Do I Need An Esb?

Answer :

Mule and different ESBs offer actual value in situations where there are as a minimum a few integration points or at the least three packages to integrate. They also are nicely acceptable to situations where unfastened coupling, scalability and robustness are required.

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Question 43. Why Mule Esb?

Answer :

Mule ESB is lightweight however enormously scalable, permitting you to begin small and join extra applications over the years. Mule manages all the interactions among programs and components transparently, irrespective of whether they exist in the identical digital device or over the Internet, and no matter the underlying delivery protocol used.

There are presently numerous industrial ESB implementations in the marketplace. However, lots of those provide restricted capability or are built on top of an existing software server or messaging server, locking you into that precise supplier. Mule is seller-neutral, so distinctive dealer implementations can plug in to it. You are in no way locked in to a specific supplier when you use Mule.