Interview Questions.

Question 1. Define Sama?

Answer :

Spread Aloha Multiple Access is a mixture of CDMA and TDMA. The CDMA higher suits for connection orientated services simplest and no longer for connection less bursty records visitors because it requires to software both sender and receiver to access exclusive users with distinct codes.

Question 2. Define Cdma?

Answer :

Code Division Multiple Access systems use codes with certain characteristics to split special users. To enable access to the shared medium with out interference. The users use the identical frequency and time to transmit data. The essential hassle is to locate properly codes and to separate this sign from noise. The right code may be found the following 2 characteristic

Orthogonal.
AutoCorrelation.
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Question three. What Are The Several Versions In Csma?

Answer :

There are numerous variations in CSMA, they're as follows

non-continual CSMA
p-chronic CSMA
1-chronic CSMA
Question four. What Is Meant By Non-persistent Csma?

Answer :

In, non-continual CSMA, stations feel the carrier and begin sending right now if the medium is idle., if the medium is busy, the station pauses a random amount of time before sensing the medium once more and repeating this pattern.

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Question 5. What Is Meant By P-continual Csma?

Answer :

In p-continual CSMA gadget nodes additionally experience the medium, however handiest transmit with a possibility of p. With the station deferring to the subsequent slot with the probability 1-p, i.E. Access is slotted further.

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Question 6. What Is Sdma?

Answer :

Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) is used for allocating separated areas to customers in wireless networks. The foundation for the SDMA algorithm is shaped by way of cells and sectorized antennas which constitute the infrastructure imposing space department multiplexing (SDM)

Question 7. What Is Fdd?

Answer :

In FDMA, the bottom station and the cellular station establish a duplex channel. The two guidelines, mobile station to base station and vice versa are separated using distinct frequencies. This Scheme is referred to as Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

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Question 8. What Are The 2 Sub Layers In Dlc?

Answer :

Logical Link Control(LLC)
Media Access Control(MAC)

Question 9. What Is Ey-nmpa?

Answer :

Elimination yield –Non Pre-emptive Multiple Access (EY-NMPA) is a scheme which uses several stages to feel the medium. Access the medium and for rivalry decision... Priority schemes also can be included. This is definitely used in HIPERLAN1 specification.

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Question 10. What Do You Mean By Polling?

Answer :

Polling is a strictly centralized scheme with one master and several slave stations. The master can gather the list of stations in the course of the contention segment and can ballot  these slaves in line with many schemes like round robin, random access, reservation scheme etc.

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Question 11. What Are The Four Types Of Handover Available In Gsm?

Answer :

Intra cell Handover
Inter cell Intra BSC Handover
Inter BSC Intra MSC handover
Inter MSC Handover
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Question 12. What Is Tetra?

Answer :

TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio) systems use extraordinary radio carrier frequencies, however they assign a particular carrier frequencies for a short time frame consistent with demand. 

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Question thirteen. What Are The Categories Of Mobile Services?

Answer :

Bearer services
Tele services
Supplementary services
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Question 14. What Are The Services Provided By Supplementary Services?

Answer :

User identity
Call redirection
Call forwarding
Closed user corporations
Multiparty Communication
Question 15. What Are Types Of Handover?

Answer :

Intra-cell handover
Inter-mobile ,intra- BSC handover
Inter-BSC, intra-MSC handover
Inter MSC handover
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Question sixteen. What Is Meant By Gprs?

Answer :

The General Packet Radio Service offers packet mode switch for programs that show off traffic patterns inclusive of common transmission of small volumes.

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Question 17. What Are Subsystems In Gsm System?

Answer :

Radio subsystem (RSS)
Network & Switching subsystem(NSS)
Operation subsystem(OSS)
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Question 18. What Are The Information In Sim?

Answer :

card kind, serial no, list of subscribed offerings
Personal Identity Number (PIN)
Pin Unlocking Key (PUK)
An Authentication Key (KI)
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Question 19. Define Normal Burst?

Answer :

The frame used for normal statistics transmission inside a time slot is called Normal Burst.

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Question 20. What Are The Logical Channels In Gsm?

Answer :

Traffic channel (TCH)
Control channel (CCH)
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Question 21. What Is The Function Of Medium Access Control Layer?

Answer :

The characteristic of Medium Access Control Layer is accountable for establishes, keeps, and releases channels for better layers by means of activating and deactivating bodily channels.

Question 22. What Is Meant By Geo?

Answer :

GEO manner Geostationary or Geosynchronous earth orbit. GEO satellites have a distance of just about 36000 km to the earth. Examples are almost all TV and radio broadcast satellites, many weather satellites and satellites working as spine for the phone network.

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Question 23. What Are The Advantages Of Geo?

Answer :

Three GEO satellites are sufficient for a complete insurance of virtually any spot on the earth, senders and receivers can use constant antennas positions, and no adjusting is needed. Therefore GEO’s are best for T.V and radio broadcasting.

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Question 24. What Is Handover?

Answer :

The satellite is the base station in satellite communique systems and that it self is transferring. So, extra example of handover are important due to the movement of the satellite

Intra Satellite handover:
Inter Satellite handover.
Gateway handover.
Inter System handover.
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Question 25. What Are The Registers Maintained By The Gateway Of Satellite?

Answer :

Home Location Register (HLR).
Visitor Location Register (VLR).
Satellite User Mapping Register (SUMR).
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Question 26. Advantages Of Meo?

Answer :

Using Orbits round 10,000Km, the system handiest calls for a dozen satellites which is extra than the GEO system, however a lot much less than a LEO device. Further extra those satellites pass slower relative to the earth’s rotation allowing a less difficult system layout. Depending on the inclination a MEO can cover larger populations, thus requiring lesshandovers.

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Question 27. Applications Of Satellite?

Answer :

Satellites can be used within the Following Areas

Weather Forecasting
Radio and TV broadcast Satellites
Military Satellites
Satellites for Navigation
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Question 28. What Are The Applications In Satellites?

Answer :

Weather forecasting satellites
Radio & TV broadcast satellites
Military satellites
Satellites for navigation
Mobile conversation
Question 29. What Are The Advantages Of Leo?

Answer :

Data rate is 2400 bit/s
Packet put off is surprisingly low
Smaller footprints of LEO allows frequency reuse
Provide excessive elevations
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Question 30. Define The Inclination Angle And Perigee?

Answer :

The inclination angle is defined because the angle between the equatorial plane and the aircraft described with the aid of the satellite orbit. An inclination angle of 0 tiers means that the satellite tv for pc is precisely above the equator. If the satellite does not have a round orbit, the nearest point to the earth is known as the perigee.

Question 31. Define The Elevation Angle And Footprint?

Answer :

The elevation angle is described as the angle among the centre of satellite tv for pc beam and the plane tangential to the earth’s floor. The foot-print may be described as the place on earth wherein the alerts of the satellite tv for pc can be acquired.

Question 32. Define Header Core?

Answer :

Seven bytes discipline carries the sizes of the header and the frame, the content material sort of the object. Depending in this header statistics, the receiver may additionally determine if it has enough sources(reminiscence, cpu, electricity, show and so on) available to decode and in addition method the item.

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Question 33. What Is Msc?

Answer :

Main Service Channel(MSC) contains all consumer facts. Eg. Audio, multimedia statistics.

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Question 34. What Is Fic?

Answer :

The Fast Information Channel(FIC) carries Fast Information Block(FIB) with 256bits every(sixteen bit checksum). An FIC includes all control information that is required for deciphering the configuration and content material of the MSC.

Question 35. What Are The Different Types Of Disk?

Answer :

A flat disks
Skewed disks
Multi disks
Question 36. What Are The Goals Of Dvb?

Answer :

The intention of DVB is to introduce digital TV broadcasting the usage of satellite transmission (DVB-5) cable technology (DVB-c) and terrestrial transmission (DVB-7).

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Question 37. Name Some Of The Formats Supported By Mot?

Answer :

Multimedia and Hypermedia information coding experts    group(MHEG)
Join photograph’s specialists group(JPEG)
American standard code for facts interchange(ASCII)
Moving photos professional group(MPEG)
Hypertext markup language(HTML)
Hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP)
Bitmap(BMP)
Graphics interchange layout(GIF)
Question 38. What Are Different Interleaving And Repetition Schemes Applied By Dab To Objects And Segments?

Answer :

Object Repetition.
Interleaved Objects.
Segment repetition.
Header repetition.
Question 39. What Are The Advantages Of Dab?

Answer :

DAB can provide sound in CD like fine.
DAB can use single frequency community wherein all senders transmitting the same radio software can perform on the same frequency.
DAB use VHF and UHF frequency bands.
DAB makes use of DQPSK modulation scheme.
DAB user COFDM and FEC.
DAB can transmit up to 6 stereo audio programmes with a statistics charge of 192kbit/s each.
Question 40. What Is Object Repetition?

Answer :

DAB can repeat objects numerous instances. If an object A consists of 4 segments (A1, A2, A3, A4) a unmarried repetition pattern would be A1A2A3A4A1A2A3A4A1A2A3A4……..

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Question 41. What Is Eit?

Answer :

Event Information Table (EIT) includes fame facts approximately the current transmission and some extra statistics for set-top boxes.

Question 42. What Are The Service Information Sent By Dvb?

Answer :

Digital Video Broadcast Containers are basically MPEG-2 frames. DVB sends provider data. This records is, 

Network records desk(NIT).
Service Description Table(SDT).
Event Information Table(EIT).
Time and Date Table(TDT)
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Question 43. What Are The Advantages Of Dvb?

Answer :

Data rates planned for users are 6-38mbit/s for the downlink and 33-100kbit/s for the uplink.
Transmitted together with TV programmes and doesn’t require extra traces or hardware consistent with patron.
Can be utilized in far flung areas and developing international locations in which there's no excessive band width stressed out community.
Question 44. What Is Meant By Beacon?

Answer :

A beacon consists of a timestamp and other control information used for power control and roaming. E.G., identification of the bottom station subsystem (BSS).

Question 45. What Is Active Scanning?

Answer :

Active scanning contains sending a probe on each channel and looking ahead to response. Beacon and Probe response incorporate the data necessary to enroll in the brand new BSS.

Question forty six. What Is Passive Scanning?

Answer :

Passive Scanning Simply means listening into the medium to find different networks, i.E. Receiving the beacon of some other network issued by way of the synchronization function within an access factor.

Question 47. What Is The Primary Goal Of Iee 802.11?

Answer :

The number one aim of the standard changed into the specification of a easy, strong, WLAN which gives time bounded and asynchronous offerings additionally it must be able to operate with multiple physical layers.

Question 48. What Is Meant By Sifs?

Answer :

SIFS means Short Inter Frame Spacing. The shortest waiting time described for quick manipulate message such as acknowledgements or polling response.

Question forty nine. What Are Advantages Of Wireless Lan?

Answer :

Flexibility,
Planning,
Design,
Robustness,
Quality Service,
Cost,
Proprietary Solution,
Restriction,
Safety and Security
Question 50. What Are Design Goals Of Wireless Lan?

Answer :

Global Operation
Low Power
License-loose Operation
Robust transmission era
Simplified spontaneous co-operation
Easy to apply
safety of investment
Safety and Security
Transparency for software
Question fifty one. What Are The Three Low Power States Provided By Bluetooth?

Answer :

PARK nation
HOLD nation
SNIFF nation
Question fifty two. What Is Sco?

Answer :

SCO-stands for Synchronous Connection Oriented Link Standard phone (voice) connection require symmetrical, circuit-switched, point-to-factor connections. For this kind of hyperlink, the grasp reserves  consecutive slots at fixed intervals.

Question 53. What Are The Three Phases In Ey-npma?

Answer :

Prioritization: Determine the highest priority of a information packet geared up to be sent on competing nodes.
Contention: Eliminate all however one of the contenders, if a couple of sender hasthe maximum modern precedence.
Transmission: Finally, transmit the packet of the last node.
Question 54. What Are Advantages And Disadvantages Of Infrared?

Answer :

Advantages:

Simple and extraordinarily reasonably-priced senders and receivers which integrated in almost all cellular devices
No licenses are wanted for infrared generation and protective is quite simple.
Electrical devices do no longer intrude with infrared transmission.
Disadvantages:

Low bandwidth
Quite easily shielded
Cannot Penetrate
Question 55. What Are The System Integration Functions Of Mac Management?

Answer :

Synchronization
Power control
Roaming
Management facts base (MIB)
Question 56. What Do You Meant By Roaming?

Answer :

Moving among get admission to point is known as roaming. Even wireless networks may additionally require multiple get admission to point to cover all rooms. In order to offer uninterrupted carrier, we require roaming whilst the person actions from one get right of entry to factor to every other.

Question fifty seven. What Is Mobile Routing?

Answer :

Even if the area of a terminal is known to the system, it nonetheless has to direction the traffic thru the network to the get right of entry to point currently chargeable for the wireless terminal. Each time a user actions to a brand new access point, the system ought to reroute traffic. This is known as cellular routing.

Question 58. What Are The Functions Which Support Service And Connection Control?

Answer :

Access factor manipulate characteristic
Call manipulate and connection control function
Network protection agent
Service manipulate characteristic
Mobility management function
Question 59. Describe Localization And Calling In Gsm?

Answer :

Worldwide localization of customers and roaming are the main service provided through the GSM community machine. The system constantly knows where a user presently is, and the same telephone range is valid international. For supplying this provider GSM updates the user location periodically. The HLR always carries records about the cutting-edge region. VLR liable for the MS informs the HLR about region adjustments. As soon as an MS actions into the new place location (variety of recent VLR), the HLR sends all consumer statistics had to the brand new VLR.

To discover an MS and to deal with the MS, following numbers are wished:

Mobile station international ISDN range (MSISDN). 
International mobile subscriber identification (IMSI). 
Temporary mobile subscriber identification (TMSI). 
Mobile station7 roaming number (MSRN).