Interview Questions.

Question 1. Define The Jobs Performed By The Biu And Eu In The 8086.?

Answer :

The capabilities executed via the Bus interface unit are:

The BIU is accountable for the external bus operations.
It performs fetching, studying, writing for memory as well as I/O of facts for peripheral devices.
The BIU also performs cope with era and the populace of the instruction queue.
The Execution unit is answerable for the subsequent work:

The commands are decoded and performed with the aid of it.
The EU accepts commands from the instruction queue and from the general motive registers it takes facts.
It has no relation with the system buses.
Question 2. How Are Assemblers Aided By The Use Of Modular Programming Techniques.?

Answer :

The advantages of using modular programming techniques are as follows:

By the use of a modular programming technique the person is capable of use macros, macros are sections of code which execute in one move upon being activated. These macros can be reused at some point of this system.
The use of modular programming approach additionally facilitates the user to apply subroutines these also can be considered to be techniques that can offer greater control over the functioning.
By using this technique the records this is used can be structured and may be globally accessed by way of different modules whoever requires it.
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Interview Questions
Question three. Explain The Two Types Of Conditional Jumps.?

Answer :

The two varieties of unconditional jumps are intersegment and intrasegment jumps.
In the case of intrasegment jumps as the name recommend is a special form of jump wherein the deal with to which the bounce is to be completed is present / lies inside the same code phase from where the jump is accomplished from. In order to perform this jump modifications just need to be made in the Instruction pointer.
In the case of intersegment jumps the leap takes place from one section to another. In order as a way to make those forms of jumps the modifications want to be made in each the code phase and the instruction pointer.
Question four. Briefly Explain How Instruction Operations In 8086 Can Be Classified.?

Answer :

The arithmetic operations in the 8086 can be classified as follows:

Data switch instructions: These types of instructions contain transfer facts using instructions including MOV and many others.
Arithmetic instructions: As their call propose these instructions are used to carry out arithmetic operations for ex. ADD, SUB and many others. 
Logic commands: Performs unique logical gate operations ex NOT OPR and so forth.
Shift commands: Used for shift operations in unique situations ex. SHL, SHR.
Rotate commands: They are used to rotate left, proper ex. ROL, ROR.
Flag manipulate commands: They are used to configure the numerous flags such as: STC, CLC, CMC, STD etc.
Compare commands: As their name indicates they may be used to perform compare operations
Jump instructions: Used to carry out the Jump Operations
Subroutines and subroutine dealing with instructions: Primarily are used for interrupt handlings ex. IRET, INT and many others.
Loop and loop handling instructions: Used to address loop operations
Strings and string coping with commands: Performed completely on strings.
Assembly Programming Tutorial
Question 5. Write Down The Comparisons Between The 8086 And 8088?

Answer :

Features of the 8086:

A information width of 2 byte is attained with the aid of the de multiplexing of AD0 to AF15 pins.
The training queue is of 6 bytes.
From the reminiscence the fetching of a program is executed handiest once there are 2 byte empty in queue.
The BIU of 8086 isn't as identical as inside the 8088 but the EU is comparable.
Features of the 8088:

It calls for a 1 byte records width that's generated after the de multiplexing of AD0 to AD7 pins.
The coaching queue is 4-bytes.
Program fetching is finished as quickly as there is a byte empty in queue.
Digital Electronics Interview Questions
Question 6. Briefly Explain The Pointers And Index Group Of Registers.?

Answer :

Stack pointer and base pointer are the 2 pointer registers whereas the Source index and Destination index are the index organization of registers.
They are broadly speaking used to keep relative to segment registers the locations of offset addresses of memory places. They serve the reason of being memory suggestions.
The supply index and destination index are also used as wellknown reason register. In such instances the SI and DI are carried out as supply and vacation spot index registers.
In stacks, statistics regions would possibly exist, so as to get right of entry to such records which contains the BP register.
Question 7. Briefly Explain The Three Different Types Of Control Flags For The 8086.?

Answer :

The 8086 has 3 control flags namely TF, IF and DF. All 3 of them may be consumer programmed to match their desires.
The lure flag permits the cpu to run in a single stepping mode. This comes in very reachable in debugging and development functions.
The interrupt flag causes the INTR ( maskable interrupt ) to be enabled else it would stay disabled. Whenever the cpu is reset so is IF reset / cleared.
In string operations typically the Direction flag is used. The STD instruction is liable for the putting of the DF.
Microprocessor Tutorial PLC/Microcontrollers/Microprocessors Interview Questions
Question 8. Explain The Types Of Interrupts From Type 0 To 4 Briefly.?

Answer :

The following are the diverse forms of interrupts:

Type zero interrupts: This interrupt is also called the divide by way of 0 interrupt. For cases wherein the quotient turns into specially huge to be located / adjusted an error might arise.
Type 1 interrupts: This is also referred to as the unmarried step interrupt. This type of interrupt is frequently used for debugging functions in meeting language.
Type 2 interrupts: also known as the non-maskable NMI interrupts. These form of interrupts are used for emergency eventualities including energy failure.
Type three interrupts: These kind of interrupts also are called breakpoint interrupts. When this interrupt takes place a application could execute as much as its smash factor.
Type 4 interrupts: Also called overflow interrupts is typically existent after an mathematics operation become performed.
Question nine. Mention The Internal Interrupts Characteristics.?

Answer :

Some of the traits of inner interrupts are as follows:

The form of code of an interrupt is both predefined or may be contained in the education itself.
In case of INTR interrupt inputs the era of complementary INTA bus cycles aren't generated.
No inner interrupt can be disabled in the case of such interrupts barring unmarried step interrupts.
Priority Wise continually the inner interrupts barring unmarried step interrupts are continually given higher precedence in comparison to external interrupts.
Microprocessor 8085 Interview Questions
Question 10. List Out The Differences Between Isolated I/o And Memory Mapped I/o.?

Answer :

The characteristics of isolated I/O are as follows:

The gadgets of I/O are treated in a separate domain compared to memory.
A overall of 1mb deal with space is permitted for reminiscence packages.
In order to maximize the I/O operations ( remoted ) separate commands are always supplied to perform those operations.
One of the dangers is that the statistics switch simplest takes place among the I/O port and the AL, AX registers.
The characteristics of the memory mapped I/O are as follows:

In such eventualities the devices (I/O) are treated as part of the memory best.
Complete 1mb of reminiscence cannot be used as they are a part of the reminiscence.
In case of reminiscence mapped I/O operations no external separate commands are required.
There is facts transfer restriction in case of reminiscence mapped commands.
Question 11. List Out The Differences Between Isolated I/o And Memory Mapped I/o.?

Answer :

The characteristics of isolated I/O are as follows:

The gadgets of I/O are treated in a separate domain in comparison to memory.
A total of 1mb deal with area is allowed for memory programs.
In order to maximize the I/O operations ( isolated ) separate instructions are continually furnished to carry out these operations.
One of the negative aspects is that the information switch handiest occurs between the I/O port and the AL, AX registers.
The characteristics of the memory mapped I/O are as follows:

In such scenarios the gadgets (I/O) are treated as a part of the memory only.
Complete 1mb of memory can not be used as they are part of the reminiscence.
In case of memory mapped I/O operations no external separate commands are required.
There is records transfer restrict in case of memory mapped instructions.
Assembly Programming Interview Questions
Question 12. Write The Assembly Language Programming To Find The 2's Complement For A String Of 100 Bytes.?

Answer :

The following will be the code:

2000 CLD : Clears the path flag
2001 MOV SI, 4000 H : In the SI the shop deal with is positioned
2004 MOV DI, 5000 H : In the DI the vacation spot cope with is put
2007 MOV CX, 0064 H : In the CX the number of bytes to be 2`s complemented are located
200A LODSB : The information byte is give to AL and INC SI
200B NEGAL : AL of 2`s complement.
200D STOSB : Current AL value into DI and INC DI
200E LOOPNZ 200A H : The loop is maintained till CX turns into = zero.
2010 HLT : Stop.
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Interview Questions
Question thirteen. Explain Briefly In Steps What Happens When An Interrupt Occurs.?

Answer :

The following steps occur while an interrupt happens ( each for hardware and software program ):

First issue the contents of the flag sign up the CS and IP are driven into the stack.
To disable the unmarried steps and INTR interrupts the TF and IF are cleared.
The program then jumps to the start or starting cope with of the ISS.
When the IRET receives accomplished in the final line ( this occurs on the quit of the ISS) the CS and IP flag contents are popped from the stack and placed in the best registers.
Once all of the flags are restored to their original circumstance the IF and TF also are restored to their preceding values.
Question 14. Point Out The Differences Between The Nmi And Intr?

Answer :

The traits of NMI are as follows:

They also are called the non-maskable kinds.
They are usually give better priorities over the INTR.
The interrupt is area caused mainly Low to High transition.
In order to function they ought to continue to be high for as a minimum 2 cycles of CLK.
These interrupts do not send out any form of acknowledgements.
The traits of INTR are:

They also are known as the maskable forms of interrupts.
They have a decrease priority in comparison to NMI.
These interrupts are stage triggered and not area brought on.
These interrupts do now not aid latching and need to remain excessive until the CPU recognizes them to do so.
Question 15. Point Out The Major Differences In Short Label And Near Label Jump Instructions.?

Answer :

The characteristics of Short Label commands are:

This type of preparation relative to the bounce preparation deal with specifies the bounce.
The new price of an IP is particular with an eight-bit operand.
From the area of the soar coaching the variety in which this training can be used is among -126 to +129 bytes.
The traits of Near Label commands are as follows:

For Near label coaching the address of the bounce is laid out in relative phrases to the jump instruction itself.
The new values of Ip is exact with a 16-bit operand.
This sort of training covers the whole range of the code phase presently used.
8051 Microcontroller Interview Questions
Question sixteen. Mention The Characteristics Of The Cmp Instructions.?

Answer :

The diverse characteristics of the Compare (CMP) education are as follows:

The CMP practise can be used to compare  eight-bit or two sixteen-bit numbers.
Whenever a evaluate operation is carried out the end result of such an operation reflects in one of the six repute flags CF, AF, OF, PF, SF and ZF.
The CMP operation is likewise referred to as the subtraction technique as it makes use of `s supplement for it.
The result of a CMP operation is by no means stored but corresponding to the result of the training the flag statuses may be changed or reset.
The operands of CMP training may also are living within the memory or can be a component of an training.
Question 17. Mention The Different Types Of Instructions Responsible For Data Transfer Instructions.?

Answer :

The following are the unique varieties of instructions:

Move byte or word commands: they're used to carry out primarily the pass feature on words / bytes
Exchange byte or word commands: as their call suggests they're used to carry out trade operations
Translate byte instructions: used for transfer purposes.
Load effective deal with commands: used to calculate the powerful deal with and cargo it to memory.
Load statistics segment instructions: used for loading functions.
Load more phase instructions: used for special instructions inclusive of span etc.
Advanced C++ Interview Questions
Question 18. Briefly Explain The Logical Address, Base Segment Address And Physical Address.?

Answer :

Logical address is contained in the sixteen-bit IP, BP, SP, BX, SI or DI. It is also called the offset deal with or the powerful address.
The base phase address is contained in one of the 16bit contents of the section registers CS, DS, ES, SS.
The physical deal with or the actual deal with is fashioned via combining the offset and base segment addresses. This deal with is 20bit and is in the main used for the gaining access to of the reminiscence.
Digital Electronics Interview Questions
Question 19. Mention Briefly The Advantages Of Memory Segmentation In 8086?

Answer :

Some of the advantages of reminiscence segmentation within the 8086 are as follows:

With the assist of reminiscence segmentation a consumer is able to work with registers having best sixteen-bits. 
By memory segmentation the diverse quantities of a program can be of more than 68kb.
The records and the users code may be saved separately allowing for greater flexibility.
Also because of segmentation the logical cope with range is from 0000H to FFFFH the code may be loaded at any location in the reminiscence.
Question 20. Explain Briefly How The Register In The 8086 Are Grouped Together?

Answer :

The 8086 in overall includes 14 sixteen bit registers. They are grouped collectively in the following manner:

All the registers are divided into the following companies: Data, Pointers and Index institution, section organization and standing and manipulate flag organization.
The accumulator AX, base BX, matter CX and facts DX account for the records registers.
The stack pointer SP, base pointer BP, supply index SI, Destination index DI and the Instruction painter IP are the pointer registers.
The Extra phase, code section and stack section are inside the phase institution of registers
A unmarried 16 bit flag sign in is gift within the Control flag group.
Embedded C Interview Questions
Question 21. What Are The Conditions Under Which The Eu Enter Into The Wait Mode?

Answer :

The EU is going into the WAIT mode within the following 3 situations:

If an instruction requires an access to a memory area which isn't present within the queue the EU enters into the WAIT country.
The EU enters into the WAIT mode whilst a JUMP practise is performed. In such instances the prevailing queue contents are removed the EU waits for extra instructions from the brand new address inside the memory.
Certain instructions can take quite some time to execute in such cases the EU again is going into the WAIT state. For instances consisting of those the BIU waits till the EU is capable of extract some bytes from the queue.
Question 22. Which Technology Is Used In Bluetooth For Avoiding Interference?

Answer :

Frequency hopping is the generation used in Bluetooth.

Question 23. Which Microprocessor Accepts The Program Written For 8086 Without Any Changes?

Answer :

8088 is that processor.

Microprocessor Interview Questions
Question 24. What Does Eu Do?

Answer :

Basically,8086 is split into  part. 1.BIU. 2.EU Execution Unit(EU)Fetch the intruction from Queue(reminiscence(6 byte) in BIU.) and execute it.

PLC/Microcontrollers/Microprocessors Interview Questions
Question 25. Which Flags Can Be Set Or Reset By The Programmer And Also Used To Control The Operation Of The Processor?

Answer :

Trace Flag,
Interrupt Flag,
Direction Flag.
Question 26. Which Segment Is Used To Store Interrupt And Subroutine Return Address Registers?

Answer :

Stack Segment in section check in is used to shop interrupt and subroutine return deal with registers.

.NET Assemblies Interview Questions
Question 27. What Is Meant By Cross-compiler?

Answer :

A software runs on one machine and executes on any other is called as cross-compiler

Programs which bring together on One Machine and Execute on Another system is known as pass compiler.

Microprocessor 8085 Interview Questions
Question 28. Give Examples For Micro Controller?

Answer :

Z80, Intel MSC51 &96, Motorola are the best examples of Microcontroller.

The answer is:If we make this system in one running device(os-xp) & if we want to execute/runs on any other working sysrem(os-linux),than we will do it by means of pass-compiler.

Question 29. Logic Calculations Are Done In Which Type Of Registers?

Answer :

Accumulator is the sign in in which Arithmetic and Logic calculations are done.

Question 30. What Is The Position Of The Stack Pointer After The Pop Instruction?

Answer :

The cope with line is 02 greater than the earlier cost.

Question 31. What Is The Position Of The Stack Pointer After The Push Instruction?

Answer :

The address line is 02 much less than the earlier price. Decrement via 2.

Question 32. Which Is The Tool Used To Connect The User And The Computer?

Answer :

Interpreter is the device used to attach the user and the tool.

Question 33. What Is Internal Structure Of 8086?

Answer :

8086 is having 2 one-of-a-kind devices i.E. BIU(Bus Interface Unit) and EU(Execution Unit), these  units work synchronously.

Assembly Programming Interview Questions
Question 34. Where 8086 Mostly Used & Tell Application Of 8086?

Answer :

8086 is used for preferred reason like it's far used in traffic signals for control motive .It’s extensively utilized for small applications like for calculator,and so forth

scientific calculators & small arithmatic operations

Question 35. Why Memory Width Is Not sixteen-bit? In Stead Of Having eight-bit (same As 8085)?

Answer :

memory length of 8086 is 1MB reminiscence size of 8085 is 64KB 2 ^(adresslines)=length of memory (bytes) so adress traces of 8086 are 20 and 8085 is sixteen

Question 36. What Is The Difference Between 8085 And 8086 In Microprocessor?

Answer :

8086 has a unique concept referred to as as memory segmentation.It lets in parallel processing, whilst 8085 does now not.

8051 Microcontroller Interview Questions
Question 37. How Many Types Memory Mgt Can Divided?

Answer :

 

memory is divided into  bank:

1:even financial institution
2:strange bank.

Question 38. Give Example For Non-maskable Interrupts?

Answer :

Trap is called Non-Maskable interrupts, that's utilized in emergency circumstance.

5MHZ

Question 39. Give Examples For Maskable Interrupts?

Answer :

RST 7.5, RST6.5, RST5.Five are Maskable interrupts.

Question 40. Which Interrupts Are Generally Used For Critical Events?

Answer :

Non-Maskable interrupts are used in important activities. Such as Power failure, Emergency, Shut off and many others.

Advanced C++ Interview Questions
Question 41. What Is Non-maskable Interrupts?

Answer :

An interrupt which may be by no means be grew to become off (ie.Disabled) is referred to as Non-Maskable interrupt.

Question forty two. What Are The Various Interrupts In 8086?

Answer :

Maskable interrupts, Non-Maskable interrupts.

Embedded C Interview Questions
Question 43. What Are The Flags Used In 8086?

Answer :

In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary bring flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.

Essentially there r two styles of interrupti.E.Inner and external interrupts.Internal interrupts are software inetrrupts that could maskable or nonmaskable wherein as outside interrupts are due to a few hardware reset,and are non maskable.

Question forty four. Which Stack Is Used In 8086?

Answer :

FIFO (First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.In this form of Stack the first saved information is retrieved first.

Question 45. Explain What Is Sim And Rim Instructions?

Answer :

SIM is Set Interrupt Mask. Used to mask the hardware interrupts. RIM is Read Interrupt Mask. Used to test whether the interrupt is Masked or not.