Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Apache Mahout?

Answer :

Apache™ Mahout is a library of scalable device-gaining knowledge of algorithms, applied on top of Apache Hadoop® and using the MapReduce paradigm. Machine learning is a area of artificial intelligence targeted on allowing machines to learn with out being explicitly programmed, and it's far normally used to improve destiny performance based totally on previous effects.

Once large records is saved on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), Mahout offers the facts science tools to mechanically discover meaningful patterns in those big facts sets. The Apache Mahout task targets to make it quicker and easier to turn massive information into big statistics.

Question 2. What Does Apache Mahout Do?

Answer :

Mahout helps 4 most important statistics science use instances:

Collaborative filtering – mines consumer behavior and makes product guidelines (e.G. Amazon pointers).
Clustering – takes gadgets in a particular elegance (which include net pages or newspaper articles) and organizes them into evidently going on agencies, such that items belonging to the same organization are just like every other.
Classification – learns from existing categorizations after which assigns unclassified items to the pleasant category.
Frequent object-set mining – analyzes objects in a collection (e.G. Items in a purchasing cart or terms in a question consultation) after which identifies which items typically appear collectively.
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Question 3. What Is The History Of Apache Mahout? When Did It Start?

Answer :

The Mahout venture changed into commenced through numerous people concerned in the Apache Lucene (open supply search) community with an energetic interest in gadget gaining knowledge of and a choice for robust, properly-documented, scalable implementations of common device-getting to know algorithms for clustering and categorization. The community was first of all driven by way of Ng et al.’s paper “Map-Reduce for Machine Learning on Multicore” (see Resources) however has given that advanced to cover a whole lot broader gadget-mastering procedures. Mahout also objectives to:

Build and support a community of users and participants such that the code outlives any unique contributor’s involvement or any unique enterprise or university’s investment.
Focus on real-international, realistic use instances rather than bleeding-part research or unproven techniques.
Provide first-rate documentation and examples.
Question four. What Are The Features Of Apache Mahout?

Answer :

Although distinctly younger in open supply phrases, Mahout already has a massive amount of capability, particularly on the subject of clustering and CF. Mahout’s primary capabilities are:

Taste CF. Taste is an open source assignment for CF started by way of Sean Owen on SourceForge and donated to Mahout in 2008.
Several Mapreduce enabled clustering implementations, together with ok-Means, fuzzy okay-Means, Canopy, Dirichlet, and Mean-Shift.
Distributed Naive Bayes and Complementary Naive Bayes classification implementations.
Distributed fitness function abilities for evolutionary programming.
Matrix and vector libraries.
Examples of all the above algorithms.
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Question five. How Is It Different From Doing Machine Learning In R Or Sas?

Answer :

Unless you are surprisingly gifted in Java, the coding itself is a big overhead. There’s no manner round it, in case you don’t understand it already you'll want to analyze Java and it’s now not a language that flows! For R customers who're used to seeing their mind found out without delay the limitless statement and initialization of items is going to appear to be a drag. For that purpose I would propose sticking with R for any type of records exploration or prototyping and switching to Mahout as you get toward production.

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Question 6. Mention Some Machine Learning Algorithms Exposed By Mahout?

Answer :

Below is a modern-day listing of machine studying algorithms exposed by Mahout.

Collaborative Filtering
o Item-primarily based Collaborative Filtering
o Matrix Factorization with Alternating Least Squares
o Matrix Factorization with Alternating Least Squares on Implicit Feedback
Classification
o Naive Bayes
o Complementary Naive Bayes
o Random Forest
Clustering
o Canopy Clustering
o k-Means Clustering
o Fuzzy ok-Means
o Streaming okay-Means
o Spectral Clustering
Dimensionality Reduction
o Lanczos Algorithm
o Stochastic SVD
o Principal Component Analysis
Topic Models
o Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Miscellaneous
o Frequent Pattern Matching
o RowSimilarityJob
o ConcatMatrices
o Colocations
Question 7. What Is The Roadmap For Apache Mahout Version 1.Zero?

Answer :

The subsequent fundamental version, Mahout 1.Zero, will incorporate major changes to the underlying structure of Mahout, including:

Scala: In addition to Java, Mahout customers can be capable of write jobs the usage of the Scala programming language. Scala makes programming math-extensive programs a whole lot easier compared to Java, so builders could be a lot greater powerful.
Spark & h2o: Mahout zero.Nine and beneath depended on MapReduce as an execution engine. With Mahout 1.Zero, users can choose to run jobs either on Spark or h2o, ensuing in a sizable performance boom.
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Question 8. What Is The Difference Between Apache Mahout And Apache Spark’s Mllib?

Answer :

The important distinction will got here from underlying frameworks. In case of Mahout it's miles Hadoop MapReduce and in case of MLib it is Spark. To be greater specific – from the difference in according to task overhead

If Your ML set of rules mapped to the single MR activity – most important distinction might be simplest startup overhead, that's dozens of seconds for Hadoop MR, and permit say 1 2d for Spark. So in case of version education it isn't that essential.

Things could be distinct in case your algorithm is mapped to many roles. In this example we can have the same difference on overhead in keeping with iteration and it may be recreation changer.

Let’s expect that we want 100 iterations, every wished five seconds of cluster CPU.

On Spark: it'll take 100*five + a hundred*1 seconds = 600 seconds.
On Hadoop: MR (Mahout) it will take one hundred*five+one hundred*30 = 3500 seconds.
In the equal time Hadoop MR is a whole lot greater mature framework then Spark and when you have a variety of records, and balance is paramount – I could don't forget Mahout as extreme alternative.

Question 9. Mention Some Use Cases Of Apache Mahout?

Answer :

Commercial Use 

Adobe AMP makes use of Mahout’s clustering algorithms to boom video consumption with the aid of higher consumer targeting.
Accenture uses Mahout as typical example for their Hadoop Deployment Comparison Study
AOL use Mahout for purchasing pointers. See slide deck
Booz Allen Hamilton uses Mahout’s clustering algorithms. See slide deck
Buzzlogic uses Mahout’s clustering algorithms to improve ad concentrated on
Cull.Television uses modified Mahout algorithms for content hints
DataMine Lab makes use of Mahout’s advice and clustering algorithms to enhance our clients’ advert targeting.
Drupal users Mahout to offer open source content material recommendation solutions.
Evolv uses Mahout for its Workforce Predictive Analytics platform.
Foursquare makes use of Mahout for its recommendation engine.
Idealo makes use of Mahout’s advice engine.
InfoGlutton makes use of Mahout’s clustering and type for diverse consulting tasks.
Intel ships Mahout as a part of their Distribution for Apache Hadoop Software.
Intela has implementations of Mahout’s recommendation algorithms to pick out new offers to send tu clients, as well as to advocate ability clients to contemporary offers. We also are working on improving our provide classes by using the usage of the clustering algorithms.
IOffer makes use of Mahout’s Frequent Pattern Mining and Collaborative Filtering to propose objects to users.
Kauli , one in every of Japanese Ad community, uses Mahout’s clustering to deal with click on movement facts for predicting audience’s interests and intents.
Linked.In Historically, we have used R for version education. We have these days started out experimenting with Mahout for model education and are excited about it – also see Hadoop World slides .
LucidWorks Big Data makes use of Mahout for clustering, reproduction record detection, phrase extraction and classification.
Mendeley uses Mahout to power Mendeley Suggest, a research article advice carrier.
Mippin uses Mahout’s collaborative filtering engine to advise news feeds
Mobage uses Mahout in their analysis pipeline
Myrrix is a recommender gadget product built on Mahout.
NewsCred makes use of Mahout to generate clusters of news articles and to surface the essential stories of the day
Next Glass makes use of Mahout
Predixion Software uses Mahout’s algorithms to construct predictive fashions on massive information
Radoop offers a drag-n-drop interface for big information analytics, such as Mahout clustering and type algorithms
ResearchGate, the expert network for scientists and researchers, uses Mahout’s advice algorithms.
Sematext makes use of Mahout for its recommendation engine
SpeedDate.Com makes use of Mahout’s collaborative filtering engine to suggest member profiles
Twitter makes use of Mahout’s LDA implementation for user hobby modeling
Yahoo! Mail uses Mahout’s Frequent Pattern Set Mining.
365Media uses Mahout’s Classification and Collaborative Filtering algorithms in its Real-time machine named UPTIME and 365Media/Social. 
Academic Use

Dicode challenge uses Mahout’s clustering and type algorithms on pinnacle of HBase.
The direction Large Scale Data Analysis and Data Mining at TU Berlin uses Mahout to train college students approximately the parallelization of records mining problems with Hadoop and Mapreduce
Mahout is used at Carnegie Mellon University, as a similar platform to GraphLab
The ROBUST venture , co-funded via the European Commission, employs Mahout inside the massive scale evaluation of on line network facts.
Mahout is used for studies and facts processing at Nagoya Institute of Technology , inside the context of a big-scale citizen participation platform venture, funded by means of the Ministry of Interior of Japan.
Several researches within Digital Enterprise Research Institute NUI Galway use Mahout for e.G. Subject matter mining and modeling of huge corpora.
Mahout is used inside the NoTube EU undertaking.
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Question 10. What Are The Different Clustering In Mahout?

Answer :

Mahout supports numerous clustering-algorithm implementations, all written in Map-Reduce, every with its own set of goals and standards:

Canopy: A fast clustering algorithm regularly used to create preliminary seeds for other clustering algorithms.
K-Means (and fuzzy k-Means): Clusters items into okay clusters based on the distance the objects are from the centroid, or center, of the previous new release.
Mean-Shift: Algorithm that does not require any a priori know-how approximately the wide variety of clusters and can produce arbitrarily formed clusters.
Dirichlet: Clusters primarily based on the combination of many probabilistic models giving it the gain
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