Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Ipv6?

Answer :

IPv6 is the new edition of the Internet cope with protocol that has been advanced to supplement (and finally update) IPv4, the model that underpins the Internet these days.

Question 2. Who Created Ipv6 And How Long Has Ipv6 Been Available? Is It New?

Answer :

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an worldwide group involved with developing technical standards that make the Internet work better first posted the primary IPv6 protocol in 1998. It has on account that visible some of enhancements, inclusive of the addition of cellular IPv6 specifications (in 2004).

Networking Interview Questions
Question three. How Does Ipv6 Solve The Problem Of Ipv4 Address Exhaustion?

Answer :

Simply through having loads greater deal with space to uniquely pick out gadgets that are connected to the Internet. IPv4 has a theoretical maximum of about four billion addresses while IPv6 has an unthinkable theoretical maximum: about 340 trillion, trillion, trillion addresses. In actual use, IPv6 addresses are structured for routing and other functions and as a end result the variety of addresses available is successfully much less, however nonetheless extremely huge.

For the end user, the large quantity of IPv6 cope with space way:

Home users will generally receive blocks of addresses enough to range more than one networks and heaps of devices. (In assessment, beneath IPv4, domestic customers today usually get a single deal with.)

Enterprises and small groups will commonly be given enough to variety a giant quantity of networks and tens of thousands of gadgets; at the same time as large sites will get extensively extra.

Question four. What’s The Difference Between Ipv4 And Ipv6? Will Users Be Able To Tell The Difference?

Answer :

The key distinction between the versions of the protocol is that IPv6 has significantly extra cope with area. Users need to now not be privy to any difference.

The addresses do appearance extraordinary however. A regular IPv6 cope with has eight organizations of 4 letters and numbers separated by using colons so it looks as if

The expanded addressing capacity of IPv6 will allow the trillions of new Internet addresses had to guide connectivity for a massive range of clever devices along with phones, family appliances and automobiles.

IPv6 also brings more advantageous great of provider that is required for numerous new packages including IP telephony, video/audio, interactive games or ecommerce.

Networking Tutorial
Question 5. Are There Other Advantages To Ipv6 Besides Increased Address Space?

Answer :

The primary advantage of IPv6 is that it presents a lot more cope with area. Being a more recent protocol, IPv6 does have some layout enhancements over IPv4, specifically inside the regions of autoconfiguration, mobility, and extensibility. However, increased deal with area is the principle gain of IPv6.

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) Interview Questions
Question 6. So Why Has It Taken So Long For Ipv6 To Be Implemented?

Answer :

The impending need emigrate systems to the IPv6 protocol does no longer exist the way we noticed with Y2K. As a result, companies have regularly decided to postpone funding in the transition. One of the motives is that IPv6 deployment is a necessary upgrade manner that calls for the funding of human and capital assets, however does not offer clear brief-time period return. There are also workarounds, such as the introduction of Network Address Translation (NAT) that allows enterprises to increase their addresses to more devices.  These workarounds are high-priced and now not feasible inside the long-term. The best manner forward is to adopt IPv6. The time to undertake is now - and many companies have already initiated, or even finished the transition procedure.

Question 7. Has Ipv6 Been Added To The Root Servers Yet?

Answer :

On four February 2008, ICANN introduced that it had delivered IPv6 to 6 of the 13 root servers, specifically A, F, H, J, K, M, consequently making an allowance for a fuller IPv6 usage of the Domain Name System (DNS). Since then, the L root has additionally been brought to the listing.

Internet Technologies Tutorial Socket Programming Interview Questions
Question eight. Will Ipv6 Addresses Run Out Eventually?

Answer :

No. An extensive quantity of IP cope with space exists below IPv6. IPv6, in fact, turned into in particular designed to restoration the deal with obstacles of IPv4. This addressing capability will permit the trillions of latest Internet addresses needed to assist connectivity for a big variety of smart devices together with phones, household home equipment and motors.

Question 9. Is There A Specific Date When Everything Needs To Be Upgraded To Ipv6?

Answer :

No. There is no particular date while the whole thing need to be upgraded to IPv6 (even though some enterprises, which includes governments, have already recognized target dates for his or her very own IPv6 implementation. IPv6 and its transition mechanisms have been designed for a long duration of co-existence with IPv4 and it is anticipated that IPv4-most effective structures and programs will survive for decades. However, IPv6-only systems are expected to stand up and lots of those users are probably to be in rising enterprise markets and developing international locations.

Implementing IPv6 calls for planning and with IPv4 address pool exhaustion expected around 2010-2011, planning wishes to start now. Network operators and directors must already be incorporating IPv6 into their network improve and procurement plans.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) Interview Questions
Question 10. I Have Enough Addresses Today. Why Should I Bother Implementing Ipv6?

Answer :

IPv6 is an important a part of ensuring persevered growth and accessibility of your services to the rest of the Internet and rising markets specifically. As the Internet gradually turns into a dual IPv4/IPv6 network, ensuring which you are IPv6 enabled could be vital for preserving conventional Internet connectivity in your customers, users, and subscribers, commercial enterprise partners and providers. Indeed, as the issue and fee of obtaining IPv4 deal with area increases, it's miles inevitable that some sites will handiest aid IPv6. Connectivity with such websites (and customers) would require IPv6.

It is also well worth considering what services and devices may additionally want to be supported over the following few years because the final IPv4 pool come to be depleted. Your present deal with allocations can be inadequate to guide a sudden boom in the variety of linked gadgets consistent with man or woman (as many companies skilled with the rapid deployment of IP-enabled wireless hand-held products and comparable devices a few years in the past).

Question eleven. How Much Will The Transition To Ipv6 Cost?

Answer :

Since network desires and businesses range, IPv6 transition strategies and related expenses will even vary between companies. Hardware and software companies are more and more integrating IPv6 as a fashionable characteristic in merchandise, permitting companies to set up IPv6 as a part of routine improve cycles. For many companies, operational prices, along with body of workers education, and one-time administrative charges to feature IPv6 to management databases and documentation, are likely to represent the majority of the cost of upgrading to IPv6. Organisations that run in-house customised software will enjoy extra fees to improve these programs to IPv6, and organizations which have check/release techniques will see a marginal additional cost for the IPv6 configuration checks.

For quit-users, running systems including Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux now contain IPv6 within their modern releases and will robotically use IPv6 if it is to be had. Applications are expected to follow as the worldwide demand for IPv6 increases.

Advanced C++ Interview Questions
Question 12. I Run An Isp With A Block Of Ipv4 Address Space. Can I Just Convert That Into Ipv6 Space?

Answer :

You will need to obtain new IPv6 addresses further in your present IPv4 address blocks. IPv4 address space which you have these days can still be utilized in a twin IPv4-IPv6 surroundings. The RIRs all have rules that make it honest for an ISP with IPv4 space to apply for and obtain IPv6 cope with area. You must contact the RIR for your location or your ISP for extra facts on a way to collect IPv6 addresses.

It can also be precise idea to use this possibility to redesign your addressing plan, taking advantage of the greater flexibility of IPv6 to assign subscriber cope with blocks more optimally. Similarly, patron websites may use IPv6 as an possibility to redecorate and optimise their internal addressing plan. However, it can be viable to re-use an present subnet addressing plan within the new IPv6 block, if that is preferred.

Networking Interview Questions
Question 13. How Will Ipv6 Day Impact Internet Users?

Answer :

Our goal with IPv6 Day is to make certain that the Internet continues to operate smoothly, allowing customers to maintain to get right of entry to Web content and offerings speedy and easily. However, as IPv6 Day might be the first time the following-technology Internet protocol is used at a global scale, we assume there could be a few hiccups.

The impact will range relying on the precise hardware, Internet carrier and Web offerings an character is trying to apply. In some rare instances, users may additionally have damaged IPv6 connectivity and as a consequence won't be able to access services on IPv6 Day. This is regularly because of misconfigured or misbehaving system (e.G., domestic routers) or software (e.G., firewalls). This problem currently impacts about one Internet user in each 2,000. Operating device carriers, domestic router vendors, and ISPs are running collectively to notably lessen the number of affected users before World IPv6 Day.

Question 14. Without Nat, Won't My Network Be Less Secure?

Answer :

Translating addresses does no longer provide any protection benefits. In many instances NATs require an outgoing connection to be gift earlier than they'll allow an incoming connection to be triumphant. This 'stateful packet filtering' may be enabled for IPv6 within the absence of any deal with translation. The protection homes of IPv6 are no exceptional than those of IPv4.

Question 15. What, Specifically, Still Needs To Happen For The Industry To Effectively Transition To Ipv6?

Answer :

The transition to IPv6 will require collaboration across the Internet enterprise:

Internet provider vendors, Web agencies, hardware providers and working machine carriers. All predominant enterprise gamers need to do so to ensure services and products are ready for the transition. For example, Internet carrier companies need to make IPv6 connectivity available to their customers, Web organizations want to offer their web sites and programs over IPv6, operating system providers may additionally want to enforce precise software program updates, backbone carriers may additionally want to set up IPv6 peering with every different, and hardware and home gateway gateway producers might also need to replace firmware.

Basic C Interview Questions
Question sixteen. I've Been Using Nat On My Home Network For Years And It Doesn't Give Me Any Problems. What's Different This Time?

Answer :

The large distinction is that sharing is now throughout a couple of subscribers, in place of across more than one gadgets belonging to a single subscriber. This has implications for advertisers, content companies, regulation enforcement and quit-customers themselves. NAT in residential cable modems and so forth is often configurable with the aid of the subscriber. Service-provider NAT will offer much less possibility for give up-consumer configuration. This means the subscriber's potential to enable incoming connections for applications like VoIP or gaming can be curtailed.

Question 17. How Long Do You Think We Will Have The Ipv4 And Ipv6 Protocols Active At The Same Time?

Answer :

No one will positioned a date on whilst IPv4 might be turned off. This will rely upon market forces. When IPv6 will become the dominant network it will draw more humans in and much less humans will worry about IPv4. There will always be backwards compatibility for things like older network printers that can not transition to IPv6.

Secure Socket Layer Interview Questions
Question 18. Isn’t Address Sharing The Answer? We Introduced Nat Last Time Addresses Were Becoming Scarce.

Answer :

Over the long time, deploying IPv6 is what we want to do. In the fast term but, keeping growth of IPv4 offerings would require address sharing which can best be taken into consideration a brief restore.

The sharing could be carried out at the service company level in the form of large scale NATs. This way that users will locate that they may be sharing their IP cope with with a few hundred in their network neighbours on the equal time. This will result in reduced overall performance and competencies for quit customers, and better costs and management complexity for provider carriers.

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) Interview Questions
Question 19. Will Ipv4 Address Depletion Mean That Services Will Get Switched Off?

Answer :

No. Both IPv4 and IPv6 will run in parallel until there's now not any want to accomplish that.

Question 20. What Is The Full Ipv6 Address Represented By Ff02::130f:5?

Answer :

FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:130F:0005

TCP/IP Interview Questions
Question 21. What Is The Length Of Ipv6 Ip Address?

Answer :

The lenth of IPV6 ip deal with is 128 bits.

Question 22. What Is The Length Of Header Of Ipv4 And Ipv6?

Answer :

IPV6 is of fixed 40byte header.
IPV4 it is variable(normally 20 bytes).
Question 23. What Is The Ethertype Of Ipv4 And Ipv6 Ip Packets?

Answer :

ethertype of ipv4  is 0800.
Ethertype of ipv6  is 86DD.
Internet Technologies Interview Questions
Question 24. What Is The Solicted-node Address Of Fe80::2aa:ff:fe28:9c5a?

Answer :

FF02::1:FF00:0/104 is the prefix and 24 bits of ipv6 is appended at the quit.Hence FF02::1:FF28:9C5A is the solicted node cope with

Socket Programming Interview Questions
Question 25. What Are The Scope Field Names.

Answer :

NODE-LOCAL SCOPE(1).
LINK-LOCAL SCOPE(2).
SITE-LOCAL SCOPE(five).
ORGANIZATION-LOCAL SCOPE(8).
GLOBAL-SCOPE(e).
Question 26. What Is The Format Of Ipv6 Header:

Answer :

Version(4)
Traffic Class(eight)
Flow Label(20)
Payload Length(sixteen)
Next Header(8)
Hop Limit(eight)
Source Address(128)
Destination Address(128)
Protocol Testing Interview Questions
Question 27. What Is Jumbo Payload?

Answer :

Payload Length discipline is 16 bits.But if the payload size is extra than 64k, then there is a problem in writing the value of payload length in this area. Under such circustances, ZERO might be written within the payload length area and the details of payload duration could be written in HOP BY HOP OPTIONS EXTENSION HEADER.

By the way, if the payload size is more than 64k, it is referred to as as JUMBOGRAM.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) Interview Questions
Question 28. What Is The Value Of Next Header Field For?

Answer :

TCP (6)
UDP(17)
No Next Header(59)
Routing Header(forty three)
Fragment Header(44)
Hop by using Hop Options Header(zero)
Resource ReSerVation Protocol(46)
Encapsulating Security Payload(50)
Authenticaion Header(fifty one)
ICMPv6(58)
Destination Options Header(60)
Encapsulated IPv6 Header(forty one)
Question 29. What Is The Difference Between Stateless Address Configuration And Stateful Address Configuration?

Answer :

If a host configures its ip address by contacting DHCP, it's far referred to as as STATEFUL ADDRESS CONFIGURATION.

If a host configures its ip cope with with out DHCP, it is STATELESS ADDRESS CONFIGURATION. Normally the cope with is derived from the prefixes advertised via Local Routers.

Even inside the absense of Routers additionally, hosts can mechanically configure themselves (known as link-local address).

Question 30. What Is Anycast Address?

Answer :

An anycast cope with is a single address assigned to a couple of nodes. 

A packet sent to an anycast deal with is then introduced to the first to be had node.  It is for  load-balancing and automatic failover.

Several of the DNS root servers use a router-based anycast implementation, that is really a shared unicast addressing scheme. (While there are only 13 authoritative root server names, the total wide variety of real servers is notably large, and they're spread all around the globe.) The same IP address is assigned to a couple of interfaces, and then multiple routing tables entries are needed to flow the whole thing alongside.

IPv6 anycast addresses contain fields that perceive them as anycast, so all you need to do is configure your community interfaces as it should be. The IPv6 protocol itself takes care of having the packets to their very last destinations.