Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Dynamic Ip Addressing In Gprs?

Answer :

The second manner of addressing is dynamic addressing. This is where a mobile device does not have its very own IP address saved within the HLR. Instead the IP deal with is assigned to the GGSN area. The technique is also a kind of dynamic IP addressing in which the IP address is assigned via RADIUS servers commonly located interior an IP community out of doors the cell network, an example of this being while you dial as much as an ISP from your property PC.

Question 2. How Does The Sgsn Know Which Ggsn To Direct You To?

Answer :

A cell tool is programmed with one or extra Access Point Names that are typically called the APN's. An APN consists of a totally certified DNS name e.G. Globalguideline.Com When a GPRS device wants to talk to globalguideline.Com, the SGSN does a DNS look up and resolves the call to the precise GGSN. You ought to have multiple APN's programmed into your smartphone so that you are not constrained to a unmarried service or GGSN.

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Question 3. Explain Gprs Handset Classes?

Answer :

GPRS devices are not as straightforward as you might imagine.

There are in fact three distinct classes of tool:

Class A: Class A terminals have 2 transceivers which permit them to send / get hold of statistics and voice at the equal time. This elegance of device takes complete benefit of GPRS and GSM. You may be taking a name and receiving information all on the same time.

Class B: Class B devices can send / get hold of statistics or voice but now not both at the equal time. Generally if you are using GPRS and you receive a voice call you'll get an option to solution the call or keep on.

Class C: This device only allows one means of connectivity. An instance would be a GPRS PCMCIA card in a computer.

Question 4. What Is Gprs Qos?

Answer :

Just due to the fact GPRS uses among the components of a standard GSM network it'd be foolhardy to expect that the equal requirements have to observe. Things to be taken into consideration include issuer general community architecture, radio interface and throughput. Here are a number of the key elements in brief defined.

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Question five. What Is Radio Interface In Gprs?

Answer :

The Telecommunications Standard Institute has described 3 new coding schemes for Radio Interface. When the GPRS device talks to the base station they could use 1 of the four schemes. The schemes are CS - 1 thru CS - 3 in which CS - 1 is similar to standard GSM. In easy phrases CS - 1 is rather redundant but due to this is sluggish, 2 and three have less redundancy, while four has the least - getting rid of all ahead errors manipulate - but is able to most throughput. If radio satisfactory is horrific then coding scheme 1 is used, as the first-rate improves much less errors manage is wanted.

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Question 6. What Is Precedence Class In Gprs?

Answer :

An software can be assigned a Precedence Class 1, 2 or three. If an utility has a better priority (1) than another (3) then its site visitors may be given a better priority.

Question 7. What Is Delay Class In Gprs?

Answer :

Applications can request predictive postpone lessons which guarantee an average and 95- percentile delay. There are four lessons, 1 being the quickest.

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Question 8. What Is Gprs Reliability Class?

Answer :

Applications can request extraordinary ranges of reliability for its statistics relying on its tolerance to data loss.

Question 9. What Is Gprs Throughput Class?

Answer :

Applications can select distinct profiles for throughput. There are 2 distinctions in magnificence, top and imply. Peak throughput magnificence is used particularly for bursty transmissions with a variable in octets consistent with 2d describing the throughput required for burst of special size. Mean is the common records switch rate over a time frame measured in octets in line with hour.

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Question 10. What Is Gprs Core Network?

Answer :

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) gadget is used by GSM cellular telephones, the maximum commonplace mobile smartphone machine inside the global, for transmitting IP packets. The GPRS center community is the centralized a part of the GPRS system. It also affords help for WCDMA based totally 3G networks. The GPRS center network is an integrated a part of the GSM community switching subsystem.

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Question eleven. What Is Base Transceiver Station (bts)?

Answer :

A base transceiver station (BTS) or mobile website online is a chunk of equipment that helps wireless verbal exchange between consumer gadget (UE) and a network. UEs are gadgets like cell phones (handsets), WLL telephones, computer systems with wi-fi net connectivity, WiFi and WiMAX devices and many others. The network can be that of any of the wireless communication technologies like GSM, CDMA, WLL, WAN, WiFi, WiMAX and so forth. BTS is also known as the radio base station (RBS), node B (in 3G Networks) or, simply, the base station (BS). For dialogue of the LTE fashionable the abbreviation eNB for improved node B is extensively used.

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Question 12. Which Kind Of Signals Are Transferred In Gprs?

Answer :

GPRS uses 2.Five era of GSM indicators
The radio interface is the same that of GSM
GPRS makes use of 900 / 1800 Mhz, frequency band and GMSK modulation
The bit costs are EGPRS, similar to EDGE
Separate hardware and ports need to be delivered and availed.
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Question thirteen. Explain How Gprs Terminals Classified?

Answer :

The GPRS offerings are labeled into 12 service classes as in keeping with the period of the time slots occupied / body.
Usually five time slots in line with body are occupied including transmission time slots and reception time slots
Increase within the variety of occupied time slots truly causes the growth within the complete length of the occupied time slots, in order that increased quantity of records transmission and receipt are enabled
All the 12 carrier training are similarly categorised into better and lower classes as according to the relative duration of time slots
Higher velocity records communication may be transmitted with excessive-elegance GPRS carrier by means of putting high transmission strength and putting the duration of the time slots long.
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Question 14. Explain Multiple Access Coding Scheme In Gprs?

Answer :

Multiple get entry to scheme is used in GPRS based at the FDD and TDMA
One pair of up-link and down-hyperlink frequency channels are assigned to a user throughout a consultation
The Multiple Access Coding Scheme is mixed with statistical multiplexing [packet mode communication], that lets in several uses to proportion the identical frequency channel
Down-link uses first-come first-served packet scheduling and up-link uses a scheme this is much like reservation ALOHA.
Slotted ALOHA is utilized for reservation inquiries in a competition phase, observed by transferring records by utilising dynamic TDMA with first-come, first-served scheduling
Question 15. Explain Channel Encoding Scheme In Gprs?

Answer :

Channel Encoding Scheme is based on a convolution code at diverse code costs and GMSK modulation
The table below summarizes the options:
Coding Scheme Speed
CS-1 8.0
CS-2 12.0
CS-3 14.4
CS-four 20.0
The least strong and fasted coding scheme is CS-4 and is to be had near a Base Transceiver Station
The maximum sturdy coding scheme is CS-1 and is used in case of cellular station is in addition faraway from a BTS
A velocity of 20.0 Kbit/s/time slots can be done with CS-4 and has 25% everyday cellular insurance
A velocity of 8.0 Kbit/s/time slots may be executed with CS-1 and has ninety eight% of regular coverage
3G Interview Questions
Question 16. Explain Multislot Class In Gprs?

Answer :

Speed of facts switch available in the Uplink and Downlink guidelines is determined by means of Multislot Class.
The speed varies among 1 and forty five for allocating by way of the network to allocate radio channels within the uplink and downlink channels.
The illustration of multi slot magnificence is 5+2, as an instance, wherein the first number is the range of down hyperlink time slots and the second quantity is the variety of up hyperlink time slots which are allotted to apply by way of a mobile station.
Question 17. What Gross Data Rate Does Gprs Provide?

Answer :

GPRS offer gross information fee of 22.Eighty KBPS / time slot
Voice makes use of most effective thirteen KBPS/ time slot and the relaxation is fed on through Error Correction Code
Error connection code is utilized for detecting and correcting the transmission mistakes
As voice is compressed, using Error connection code is mandatory
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Question 18. How Does Gprs Architecture Differ From Gsm?

Answer :

The following depicts the architectural variations between GPRS and GSM:

Mobile Station: New mobile station is wanted for having access to GPRS offerings. They are backward well suited with GSM for voice calls
Base Transceiver Station: Software improve is wanted within the existing BTS
Base Station Controller: Software improve and new hardware, Packet Control Unit are wanted for GPRS.
GPRS Support Nodes: Installation of latest middle community elements, referred to as serving GPRS help node, and gateway GPRS aid node are needed to set up GPRS
Databases: Requires software improve to address new fashions and capabilities to handle databases concerned in the network
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Question 19. What Signals Are Transferred In Gprs?

Answer :

GPRS makes use of 2.Five technology of GSM alerts
The radio interface is the identical that of GSM.
Question 20. Explain The Difference Between Gsm And Gprs?

Answer :

GSM:

Uses one in every of 7 slots
Connecting assets to each unit from faraway location to the again workplace is executed via a direct dial up
Circuit switched mode of operations
Dedicated channel all of the way to the vacation spot is supplied to the consumer
GPRS:

Uses as many as four+1 time slots
Does no longer claim any assets till a few data is sent. The information is split into packets
Packet switched mode of operations
One or extra devoted channels are assigned through the operator in particular for shared use
LTE Interview Questions
Question 21. Is Gprs Is Always On Connectivity?

Answer :

GPRS is an always-on service. There is not any need to dial up like you need to on a domestic PC for instance. This function isn't precise to GPRS however is an essential general on the way to absolute confidence be a key function for migration to 3G. It makes offerings at once to be had to a device.

Question 22. What Is The Speed Of Gprs?

Answer :

GPRS is packet switched. Higher connection speeds are possible at around fifty six-118 kbps, a significant development on circuit switched networks of nine.6 kbps. By combining fashionable GSM time slots theoretical speeds of 171.2 kbps are viable. However in the very short time period, speeds of 20-50 kbps are greater realistic

Question 23. What Is Sgsn In Gprs?

Answer :

The Serving GPRS Support Node, or SGSN for quick, takes care of a few critical obligations, such as routing, handover and IP address task.

The SGSN has a logical connection to the GPRS tool. As an instance, if you in which in a vehicle traveling up the M1 on an extended journey and had been surfing the Internet on a GPRS device, you may pass thru many specific cells. One task of the SGSN is to make certain the connection is not interrupted as you make your adventure passing from mobile to cellular. The SGSN works out which BSC to "direction" your connection through.

If the user actions into a phase of the network that is managed by a special SGSN it will perform a hand-off of to the new SGSN, that is accomplished extremely quickly and typically the person will now not notice this has passed off. Any packets which are lost throughout this manner are re-transmitted. The SGSN converts cell facts into IP and is connected to the GGSN through a tunneling protocol.

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Question 24. What Is Fixed Ip Addressing In Gprs?

Answer :

Fixed IP addresses for mobile devices are not broadly used because of shortages of Ipv4 addresses (see below). This statistics is stored in the HLR.

GSM Interview Questions
Question 25. What Is Gprs (widespread Packet Radio Service)?

Answer :

General Packet Radio Service is used typically in Europe and Asia. GPRS is used maximum normally for cell phones. In Canada, Rogers and Fido are the use of GPRS.
You can ship and receive emails using GPRS and browse the Internet.
General Packet Radio Service is a radio technology for GSM networks that adds packet-switching protocols, shorter set-up time for ISP connections, it also gives the possibility to price through quantity of data sent instead of connect time.
It is a new non voice value delivered service that lets in information to be sent and obtained across a mobile telephone community. GPRS is NOT associated with GPS (Global Positioning System), a comparable acronym that is frequently used in cellular contexts. Allowing facts to be transmitted more quickly, straight away and correctly across the cell network, GPRS may be a especially less steeply-priced cell facts carrier.
GPRS can provide instant connections issue to radio coverage. No dial-up modem connection is important.
Question 26. What Is Packet Switching?

Answer :

Packet switching is a virtual networking communications approach that corporations all transmitted data, regardless of content material, type, or structure, into definitely sized blocks, referred to as packets. Packet switching functions delivery of variable bit fee records streams (sequences of packets) over a shared network. When traversing network adapters, switches, routers and different community nodes, packets are buffered and queued, ensuing in variable delay and throughput relying at the traffic load within the community.

Question 27. What Is Mobile Phone?

Answer :

A cellular smartphone is an digital tool used for cell telecommunications over a mobile community of base stations referred to as mobile sites. Mobile phones range from cordless phones, which simplest offer telephone service inside limited range via a single base station attached to a fixed line, as an instance within a domestic or an office. Low-stop mobile phones are regularly referred to as feature telephones, whereas excessive-give up mobile phones that provide greater advanced computing capacity are referred to as smartphones.

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Question 28. What Is Gsm (international System For Mobile Communications)?

Answer :

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is the maximum popular wellknown for cell telephony systems in the global. The GSM Association, its promoting enterprise change enterprise of cell smartphone carriers and producers, estimates that 80% of the worldwide mobile market makes use of the standard. GSM is used by over three billion humans throughout greater than 212 international locations and territories

Question 29. Explain Time Division Multiple Access?

Answer :

Time department multiple get entry to (TDMA) is a channel get entry to method for shared medium networks. It allows numerous customers to share the identical frequency channel by way of dividing the sign into different time slots. The customers transmit in rapid succession, one after the opposite, each the use of his personal time slot. This permits a couple of stations to share the identical transmission medium (e.G. Radio frequency channel) whilst the use of best part of its channel capacity

Question 30. What Is Cellular Digital Packet Data?

Answer :

Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) was a extensive-area cell statistics carrier which used unused bandwidth usually utilized by AMPS mobile telephones among 800 and 900 MHz to switch information. Speeds up to 19.2 kbit/s had been feasible. The service turned into discontinued along with the retirement of the parent AMPS provider; it's been functionally changed through faster offerings which include 1xRTT, EV-DO, and UMTS/HSPA.

Question 31. Explain I-mode?

Answer :

NTT DoCoMos i-mode is a cellular net (rather than wireless internet) provider famous in Japan. Unlike Wireless Application Protocol or WAP, i-mode encompasses a greater diversity of internet requirements, along with web get entry to, e mail and the packet switched network that grants the facts. I-mode users have get entry to to diverse services together with e-mail, sports activities outcomes, climate forecast, games, monetary offerings and ticket booking. Content is furnished by means of specialized services, normally from the cellular service, which lets in them to have tighter control over billing.

Question 32. What Is Dual Transfer Mode?

Answer :

Dual Transfer Mode (DTM) is a protocol based totally at the GSM wellknown that lets in simultaneous switch of Circuit switched (CS) voice and Packet switched (PS) data over the identical radio channel (ARFCN). DTM is a 3GPP baseline R99 characteristic.

Question 33. What Is Access Point Name?

Answer :

Access factor name (APN) identifies an IP packet facts community (PDN), that a mobile data user wants to speak with. In addition to figuring out a PDN, an APN may also be used to define the sort of provider, (eg connection to wi-fi utility protocol (WAP) server, multimedia messaging carrier (MMS)), that is furnished by means of the PDN. APN is utilized in 3GPP statistics get admission to networks, eg wellknown packet radio carrier (GPRS), evolved packet center (EPC).

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