Interview Questions.

Question 1. Define Absolute Refractory Period (arp)?

Answer :

During the preliminary part of the motion capacity, the membrane cannot respond to any stimulus, no matter how excessive the stimulus is. This interval is referred to as ARP.

Question 2. Define Relative Refractory Period (rrp)?

Answer :

ARP is followed by relative refractory period. During this period, motion capability can be elicited through a extraordinary threshold stimulus.

Medical Terminology(Adaptive*) Interview Questions
Question three. What Are Sensory Nerves, Motor Nerves And Mixed Nerves?

Answer :

The nerves that deliver the records amassed with the aid of the sensory organs to the mind are referred to as sensory nerves. They serve as message carriers for the brain. Motor nerves convey returned the orders from the mind to the muscle groups and glands. Mixed nerves carry out the characteristic of the each sensory and motor nerves.

Question four. What Are Resting Potential?

Answer :

The membrane capability measured when a equilibrium is reached with a capability difference throughout the mobile membrane poor at the interior and effective on the out of doors is called resting potential.

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Question 5. What Is Action Potential?

Answer :

When a stimulus is carried out to a cellular on the resting level, there might be a high attention of the advantageous ions within the cell. So there might be slightly high capacity at the internal of the cellular because of imbalance of potassium ions. This is called motion ability.Range:20Mv.

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Question 6. What Are Cerebellar Stimulators?

Answer :

In case of epilepsy, chronic stimulation to the cerebellum is provoked with the aid of transcutaneous inductive coupling, thru an antenna fixed subcutaneously on the chest. The electrodes are located on anterior or posterior lobe of cerebellum. Such stimulators are known as cerebellar stimulators.

Question 7. What Is The Principle Of Ultrasonic Diathermy?

Answer :

In this approach, the heating impact is produced due to the ultrasonic electricity absorption assets of the tissues. The quantity of electricity absorbed through the tissues is dependent upon the frequency of ultrasonic waves from a traditional crystal oscillator.

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Question 8. What Is Microwave Diathermy?

Answer :

Microwave diathermy entails the manner of irradiating tissues of the patient?s body with very short wi-fi waves having frequency in the microwave location. Typically, the frequency used is 2450 MHz corresponding to a wavelength of 12.25 cm. Heating impact is produced through the absorption of the microwaves in the vicinity of the body under remedy.

Question nine. What Are Bladder Stimulators?

Answer :

Bladder stimulators are the ones which activate the micturition reflex by means of remote electronic stimulation of a permanently implanted spinal electrode.

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Question 10. Define Blending?

Answer :

When the electrode is stored above the pores and skin, the separated tissue or nerves may be welded or mixed together with the aid of an electric arc. This is referred to as blending.

Question 11. What Is Diathermy?

Answer :

The term Diathermy way „through heating? or producing deep heating immediately within the tissues of the frame. In the exercise of physiotherapy, diathermy is used for generating warmth stimulus by means of software of high frequency energy.

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Question 12. Define Hemodialysis?

Answer :

It is the removal of chemical materials form the blood via passing it via tubes made of semipermeable membrane.

Medical Terminology(Adaptive*) Interview Questions
Question 13. Define Dialysis?

Answer :

It is used inside the treatment of acute or persistent renal (kidney) failure. It is a method which includes elimination of waste products from blood and obtaining regular pH.

Question 14. What Is Bio Electric Potential?

Answer :

Certain structures of the frame generate their personal monitoring alerts conveying useful records about the capabilities they represent. Such signals are bio electric potentials and are associated with nerve conduction, mind activity, heart beat and so forth.

Question 15. What Are The Different Types Of Muscles?

Answer :

Voluntary muscle groups: paintings at our will (arm muscle).
Involuntary muscle tissues: work without our information (muscle inside the meals canal).
Cardiac muscle mass: help in functioning of the heart and are working day and night with out worn-out.
Medical Cardiology Interview Questions
Question 16. Define Linearity?

Answer :

Linearity of an device is defined as the degree to which versions in the output of an tool comply with input version. Whenever the sensitivity of the tool is constant common levels of the input, then that tool has higher linearity. Linearity is vital to get correct values.

Question 17. State All Or Nothing Law?

Answer :

Regardless the approach of excitation of cells or the depth of the stimulus, which is believed to be more than the brink of stimulus, the motion potential is continually the equal for any given cell. This is known as the all or not anything law.

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Question 18. What Is Meant By Sodium Pump?

Answer :

It is an active procedure, by way of which the sodium ions are quick transported to the outdoor of the mobile and the mobile once more becomes polarized& assumes its resting capacity. The operation of this pump is connected with the inflow of potassium into the cellular, as though a cyclic procedure related to an change of sodium for potassium existed.

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Question 19. Define Evoked Potential?

Answer :

Evoked potentials are the potentials evolved inside the brain because the responses to outside stimuli like mild, sound etc. The external stimuli are detected by using the experience organs which reasons modifications inside the electric interest of the brain. It is also known as Event associated potential.

Question 20. Define Ectopic Focus?

Answer :

A portion of myocardium (or the AV node or the specialised conduction device) every so often will become “irritable” and discharges independently. This web page is called ectopic focus.

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Question 21. What Is Demand Pacemaker?

Answer :

It is a pacemaker with the feed again loop which detects the QRS complex of ECG sign from electrodes and amplifies it. This resets the timer present interior and the coronary heart charge is maintained at 60-eighty BPM.

Question 22. What Is Nsr?

Answer :

NSR- Normal Sinus Rhythm, Any change within the NSR results in a circumstance referred to as Arrhythmia. It can also motive Bradycardia. A circumstance of slow coronary heart where the heart charge reduces to 30-50 beats consistent with minute (BPM) ensuing in insufficient blood deliver to the human frame. It reasons dizziness and lack of recognition.

Question 23. What Is The Cardiac Pacemaker And Why Is It Used?

Answer :

It is an electrical stimulator that produces periodic electric powered pulses that are conducted to electrodes placed at the surface of the heart (Epicardium), in the muscle (myocardium) or in the cavity or the liner of the heart (Endocardium).

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Question 24. What Is Desiccation?

Answer :

The needlepoint electrode are struck into the tissue and kept consistent at the same time as passing electric powered modern-day. This creates a excessive neighborhood increase in warmth and drying of tissues. This is known as desiccation which produces dehydration inside the tissues.

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Question 25. Define Electrotomy?

Answer :

When the electrode is stored above the pores and skin an electric powered arc is despatched. The increase heat produces a wedge shaped slender cutting of the tissue on the floor. By growing the current degree, deeper stage slicing of the tissues takes vicinity. Normally non-stop RF contemporary is used for reducing.

Question 26. What Is Endoscopy?

Answer :

It is a tubular optical instrument to investigate or view the body cavities, which aren't visible to the bare eye generally. Gasto-intestinal, fiberoscope (intestinal), Broncho fiberoscope (trachea), Laparoscopy (stomach), Sigmoidoscope (rectum), Cystoscopy (urinary bladder) etc.

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Question 27. What Is Thermograph?

Answer :

The human pores and skin is almost a super emitter of infrared radiation proportional to the floor temperature at any place of the body. Thermograph is an infrared thermometer integrated into a scanner so that the complete floor of a body or a few portion of the body is scanned and the infrared strength is measured and used to modulate the intensity of a mild beam that produces a map of the infrared power on photographic paper.

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Question 28. What Is A Defibrillator?

Answer :

A defibrillator is an electronic device that creates a sustained myocardial depolarization of a patient's heart for you to forestall ventricular traumatic inflammation or atrial traumatic inflammation.

Question 29. What Is Gfi?

Answer :

Ground fault interrupter protects sufferers towards a macro shock that happens if someone touches the recent lead with one hand and the ground with the opposite.

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Question 30. What Is Macro Shock?

Answer :

A physiological response to a current applied to the floor of the body that produces unwanted stimulation like muscle contraction or tissue damage is referred to as macro shock. Taking the least body resistance to be 1K ohms the inter electrode voltage on the order of 75-120V could be risky.

Question 31. What Is Micro Shock?

Answer :

A physiological reaction to a current carried out to the surface of the heart that consequences in undesirable stimulations like muscle contractions or tissue injury is called micro shock. It is prompted whilst currents extra than 10μA go with the flow through an insulated catheter to the coronary heart. Proper protection circuits ought to be used to triumph over the micro shocks.

Question 32. Define – Radio Pill?

Answer :

It is a pill that includes a sensor plus a miniature transmitter is swallowed and the statistics are picked up by a receiver and recorded. Such radio tablets are used to reveal stomach strain or pH.

Question 33. What Is Biotelemetry?

Answer :

Bio-telemetry is the electric approach which permits exam of the physiological records of guy or animal below ordinary situations and in natural surroundings without pain to the patient underneath research.

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Question 34. Define Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal?

Answer :

A affected person in an external magnetic discipline reasons the magnetization of protons of hydrogen atoms in his body. Due to magnetization, those protons align and system about the external magnetic subject, now a radiofrequency pulse at resonance frequency is transmitted into the patient under managed circumstance. The resonance circumstance proton responds by using emitting radiofrequency signal. This is known as nuclear magnetic resonance sign.

Question 35. What Are The Methods Involved In Direct Blood Pressure Measurement?

Answer :

Auscultator technique
Palpatory method
Question 36. What Are The Causes Of Cerebrovascular Accident (cva)?

Answer :

When the blood waft in a positive vessel is completely obstructed, the tissue within the region furnished with the aid of this vessel may additionally die. Such an obstruction in a blood go with the flow of the mind is one of the causes of CVA or stroke.

Medical Cardiology Interview Questions
Question 37. What Is Cardiac Output And Its Normal Rate?

Answer :

Blood flow is highest in the pulmonary artery and the aorta, where the blood vessels leave the coronary heart. The drift at those points is referred to as cardiac output, is among 3.5 and 5liters/min in a normal person at rest.

Question 38. Give The Methods For Measuring Blood Flow?

Answer :

Indirect technique – sphygmomanometer.
Direct approach
Percutaneous insertion
Catheterization (vessel cut down)
Implantation of a transducer in a vessel or within the coronary heart.
Question 39. What Is Myocardial Infarct And Angina Pectoris?

Answer :

An obstruction of part of the coronary arteries that deliver blood for the coronary heart muscle is known as myocardial infarct or coronary heart assault, while simply a discounted flow in the coronary vessels can purpose a intense chest ache referred to as angina pectoris.

Question 40. What Is Auscultation?

Answer :

The method of paying attention to sounds produced by organs and vessels of the frame is known as auscultation.

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Question 41. Discuss About The Origin Of Heart Sounds?

Answer :

With each heart beat the regular heart produces  distinct sounds defined as “Lub-Dub”. The lub is as a result of the closure of the atrioventricular valves, which permits waft of blood from the atria into the ventricles .This is called the primary coronary heart sound, it takes place approximately at the time of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram. The dub part of the heart sounds is known as the second one coronary heart sound and is due to the remaining of the semilunar valves, happens approximately the time of the cease of the T wave of the cardiogram. A 1/3 heart sound is heard in particular in teenagers. Atrial heart sound isn't audible and it happens whilst the atria do no longer settlement.

Question forty two. Define Motion Artifacts?

Answer :

Artifacts are spurious echoes which masquerade as actual echoes. These are artificial echoes which appear on the screen.

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Question forty three. What Is The Principle Of Coulter Counter?

Answer :

A platinum electrode is placed inside the orifice tube and a second electrode is submerged into the beaker containing the cellular dilution, growing an electrical circuit among the two electrodes.Current will flow from one electrode to the alternative through the orifice. When the cellular suspension is drawn thru the orifice, cells will displace their own volume of electrolyte and reason a resistance change, which is converted to a voltage alternate and is amplified and displayed.

Question forty four. Define Systolic And Diastolic Pressure?

Answer :

Systole is the duration of contraction of the ventricular muscle tissues at some point of that time blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Diastole is the period of dilation of the coronary heart chambers because the blood fills the heart. For regular person the systolic strain is around one hundred forty mm of Hg and diastolic strain is round eighty mm of Hg. It is measured using noninvasive blood stress measuring device called as Sphygmomanometer.

Question forty five. What Is Meant By Cell?

Answer :

The fundamental dwelling unit of the frame is mobile. The feature of organs and different shape of the body are understood by way of cell agency.

Question forty six. Define Transducers?

Answer :

Transducers are described as a tool which when actuated, transforms strength from one shape to every other. Generally, any physical parameters are transformed into electric shape.

Question forty seven. Define Sensitivity?

Answer :

Sensitivity is defines as the electric output per unit exchange inside the physical parameter. High sensitivity is typically acceptable for a transducer.

Question forty eight. What Are The Requirements Of Amplifiers Used In Biomedical Recorders?

Answer :

High power advantage to activate the pen motor inside the show.
An ideal non inverting amplifier to keep away from go over distortion.
Excellent frequency response within the sub audio frequency range
To avoid noise, limited high frequency noise is used.
Question 49. Define Pcg?

Answer :

Phonocardiograph is an instrument used for recording the sounds connected with the sounds connected with the pumping movement of the heart. These sounds offer indication for coronary heart rate, rhythmicity.

Question 50. Give The Disadvantage Of Using Surface Electrodes With Emg?

Answer :

Surface electrodes may be used most effective for superficial muscle tissues
They are sensitive to electrical activity over too huge place.
Question 51. What Is The Use Of Emg?

Answer :

EMG is used for the dimension of action potentials, either at once from the muscle or from the surface of the frame.

Question 52. What Is Hematocrit?

Answer :

The volume of packed crimson cells is known as Hematocrit. It is expressed as a percentage of the entire blood extent. It can be used to calculate the imply mobile volume (MCV).

Question fifty three. What Is Fibrin?

Answer :

One of the proteins, fibrinogen, participates inside the procedure of blood clotting and bureaucracy thin fibers referred to as fibrin.

Question 54. What Is Korotkoff Sound?

Answer :

When cuff in inflated to a stress that best partly occludes the brachial artery turbulence is generated in thee blood because it spurts through the tiny arterial beginning at some point of every systole. The sounds generated by this turbulence are referred to as korotkoff sounds.

Question fifty five. What Are The Methods Used To Measure Blood Pressure Is Directly?

Answer :

Catheterization approach regarding the sensing of blood stress thru a liquid column. In this technique the transducers is external to the body and blood stress is transmitted via a saline solution column in a catheter to this transducers. This approach also entails the location of transducers thru a catheter at the actual site of dimension in the blood stream. Percutaneous methods in which the blood strain is sensed inside the vessel just beneath the skin with the aid of the usage of a needle or catheter. Implantation technique in which the transducer is greater permanently positioned in the blood vessel.