Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Are Immunoglobulins? Explain Its Structure

Answer :

Immunoglobulins are popularly referred to as antibody. These are large Y-formed protein produced by way of B-cells that is used by the immune system to become aware of and neutralize foreign objects along with micro organism and viruses. Immunoglobulins are "Y" fashioned structure that is having two tips and each tip of immunoglobulins includes a paratope. Immunoglobulins are generally made from simple structural gadgets—each with  large heavy chains and  small mild chains. The wellknown structure of all antibodies is very comparable; a small area on the tip of the protein is extraordinarily variable.

Question 2. What Is The Principle Behind Dna Fingerprinting?

Answer :

DNA fingerprinting is the technique of genetic fingerprinting. In this method, DNA collection can be used for identity of an character. The important application of DNA fingerprinting is forensics. The most important precept behind in the back of DNA fingerprinting is Polymerase Chain Reaction. This technique is also popularly called DNA profiling.

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Question 3. Differentiate Between Gram Positive And Gram Negative Bacteria?

Answer :

In gram staining protocol, gram high-quality bacteria are stained dark blue or violet. Crystal violet stain can be retained by way of the gram high-quality micro organism due to the excessive amount of the peptidoglycan within the cell wall. Gram-nice cellular partitions normally lack the outer membrane located in Gram-negative bacteria. In gram staining protocol, gram negative bacteria do no longer keep crystal violet dye. Gram bad bacteria have pathogenic capability. Gram negative micro organism have cytoplasmic membrane which isn't present in gram high quality bacteria.

Question 4. Explain Forbidden Clones?

Answer :

Clones discuss with generating genetically same people. Forbidden clones consult with clones of those cells which has immunological reactivity with self antigens. Embryonic life is eliminated from these types of clones. Such kind of clones is known as ‘forbidden clones’.

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Question 5. Explain Microarrays. How Are They Related To Dna?

Answer :

Microarrays are matrix within the shape of arrays where DNA oligonucleotides of DNA sequences are spotted. They may be used for gene expression profiling, unmarried nucleotide polymorphism detection, detection of alternative splicing and for diverse different functions. Microarrays have the functionality to perform hybridization of coda with the help of probes. A microarray chip is capable to perform a large set of genetic related experiments simultaneously.

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Question 6. What Is Bmi?

Answer :

BMI stands for frame mass index. This index represents the assessment of the person's peak and weight. The weight of the individual is divided by means of the rectangular of the character’s peak. The SI unit for measuring BMI in kg/squarem. BMI have to no longer be treated as a way for measuring body fats.

Question 7. Explain Gram Staining Method?

Answer :

This technique is used to pick out bacterial species into two groups i.E. Gram effective and gram terrible. This approach is based totally on chemical and physical residences in their cellular walls. It may be used to come across peptidoglycan, that's present in a thick layer in Gram high quality micro organism. Purple/blue color refers back to the gram advantageous micro organism. Red shade stain refers to the gram poor bacteria. This approach is very popularly used within the identification of bacterial organism.

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Question eight. Explain Is Isotopic Tracer Technique?

Answer :

This method is used to apprehend chemical response and interactions in bio-chemistry and chemistry. In this method, one or more of the atoms of the molecule of hobby is substituted for an atom of the same chemical detail, but that element belongs to exclusive isotope. It may be used to stumble on the difference in variety of neutrons one after the other from the alternative atoms of the equal detail. The atom has the identical range of protons; it'll behave in nearly precisely the identical way chemically as different atoms inside the compound, and with few exceptions will no longer interfere with the reaction beneath investigation.

Question 9. What Is Frame Shift Mutation? Is This Mutation Similar To Single-nucleotide Polymorphism?

Answer :

This is the form of mutation wherein DNA series is modified because of addition and deletion of nucleotides. This mutation adjustments the code for amino acids. This is likewise called framing blunders or studying frame shift. This mutation will motive the studying of the codons after the mutation to code for special amino acids. No, this mutation isn't always much like single-nucleotide polymorphism. In unmarried-nucleotide polymorphism nucleotide is replaced, as opposed to inserted or deleted.

Biotechnology Interview Questions
Question 10. What Is Therapeutic Cloning?

Answer :

In the technique of cloning DNA or part of DNA is duplicated. This method is also known as somatic mobile nuclear transfer. In this system embryo is utilized for cloning. Embryo comprises of stem cells that's later hired in regeneration programs. The embryonic stem cells are renewable and are pluripotent.

Question 11. Explain Superiority Of Tlc Over Paper Chromatography?

Answer :

TLC is superior over paper chromatography due to inorganic nature of adsorbent focused sulfuric acid spray. The spray is then accompanied through heating. It may be used to increase at the chromatogram by charring. Also, amino acid mixtures require 18 hours for separation on paper. It calls for 3 hrs using cellulose TLC. The blessings of TLC lie in adsorbents which don’t permit separation on paper. In TLC we have plenty wider desire of adsorbents relying upon needs and pattern.

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Question 12. What Is Alzheimer's Disease?

Answer :

Alzheimer sickness is the most not unusual shape of dementia. It is a mind disorder brought about because of tau protein misfolding. This disorder is incurable. This is degenerative ailment. It can be recognized via MRI scan or PET. This disorder is found in usually above sixty five years of age. Its signs include irritation, confusion, temper swings and aggression. This sickness is called after German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906.

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Question 13. Explain The Technique Of Gene Conversion?

Answer :

Gene conversion refers back to the occasion in DNA genetic recombination. This occasion occurs at high frequencies at some point of meiotic division however which additionally takes place in somatic cells. Through this procedure we will switch DNA information from one DNA helix to any other DNA helix, whose sequence is altered. Gene mutation also can be done through this process. IT may additionally lead to non-Mendelian inheritance. This phenomenon has frequently been recorded in fungal crosses.

Question 14. Explain The Mechanism Of Elisa. What Are Its Uses?

Answer :

ELISA stands for enzyme connected immunosorbent assay. It is a moist lab kind analytical biochemistry assay. It can detect presence of a substance in a liquid or moist sample through the use of one subtype of heterogeneous, stable-section enzyme immunoassay. ELISA can be used as ligand binding assays. It is also used as a diagnostic tool in medicinal drug and plant pathology. Quality take a look at operations also can be executed in various industries with the help of ELISA.

Question 15. What Do You Understand By Mri?

Answer :

MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This method uses scientific imaging that gives an in depth structure of inner organs; specially gentle tissues.MRI gives suitable evaluation between specific gentle tissues. A strong magnetic discipline is utilized in MRI which generates images and models of the desired organ. MRI works on the precept of nuclear magnetic resonance to generate photograph of nuclei of atoms in the frame.

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Question 16. What Is Rccs? What Is Its Lifespan?

Answer :

RCCS stands for rotary mobile culture gadget. It is a tool designed to grow 3-dimensional cell clusters in microgravity. This device turned into advanced by way of NASA to look at the cell tissues of mammals—consisting of humans—in microgravity. Tissues grown inside the RCCS are large and three-dimensional, with structural and chemical characteristics similar to ordinary tissue. RCCS has no shifting parts, hence cells are less at risk of harm and hence presents longer existence span.

Question 17. Differentiate Between Introns And Exons?

Answer :

An intron refers to any nucleotide sequence within a gene which is eliminated through RNA splicing to generate the final mature RNA made from a gene. The time period intron refers to each the DNA series within a gene, and the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. Introns are located in the genes of maximum organisms and lots of viruses. An exon may be noted a sequence in DNA or its RNA transcript. In wide sense. An exon is a nucleic acid series this is represented in the mature shape of an RNA molecule.

Chemical response Interview Questions
Question 18. Explain Method Of Perfusion. State Some Of Its Drawbacks?

Answer :

Perfusion is the technique of transport of blood to a capillary bed inside the biological tissue. Tests of ok perfusion are part of the patient assessment system executed by using medical or emergency personnel. The maximum commonplace techniques include evaluating pores and skin shade, temperature, condition and capillary replenish. Perfusion may be of two kinds over perfusion and beneath perfusion. Types of perfusion is assessed according to the average stage of perfusion throughout all tissues in an person frame, Tissues like the heart are considered overperfused and obtain more blood than would be predicted to meet the metabolic needs of the tissue.

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Question 19. What Is Lmo? State Some Of Its Importance?

Answer :

LMO stands for residing changed organism. LMO are those organisms that have been genetically changed via the software of biotechnology. LMO also consists of organisms which have been modified with the aid of novel recombinant DNA strategies in addition to the ones which have been changed by means of mutagenesis or classical breeding and selection strategies. Importance of LMO’s is that they can devour dangerous waste.

Question 20. What Is Prosthetic Limb? What Are Its Drawbacks?

Answer :

It is an artificial tool which may be used to replace a missing body element. It is primarily based at the principle of biomechatronics. It may be used to replace body part lacking from birth, due to damage or because of defect. The important drawback of prosthetic limb is its value. Moreover, prosthetic limbs ought to be replaced every three-4 yr because of the damage and tear. If the limb has match tissues then the sockets within the limb ought to be replaced every month.

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Question 21. What Is Eeg Scan? Explain The Wave Patterns Seen In An Eeg Scan?

Answer :

Electroencephalography is usually called EEG. It is the recording of the electrical pastime alongside the scalp. This method can measure the fluctuations in voltage resulting via the ionic waft of cutting-edge inside the neurons of the brain. In EEG multiple electrodes are located on the scalp that is used to report brain’s spontaneous electric activity over a short time frame. EEG can be used for the diagnosis of coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. Wave styles usually located in EEG are delta - kingdom of sleep, theta – drowsiness, alpha - rest, and beta - lively thinking and gamma.

Question 22. Explain The Biological Neuron Model. How Is It Different From Artificial Neuron?

Answer :

Biological neuron is likewise normally called spiking neuron model. This model is mathematical description of the homes of the nerve cellular or neuron. This version is formulated to expect and describe the biological methods. This is different from synthetic neuron because, artificial neuron is based totally on computational effectiveness. Artificial neuron is primarily based on the synaptic weight for figuring out the neuron output.

Question 23. Differentiate Between Retrovirus And Provirus?

Answer :

A retrovirus is a RNA virus which may be duplicated in a host cell the use of the opposite transcriptase enzyme. It can produce DNA from its RNA genome. The produced DNA is then included into the host's genome with the aid of anintegrase enzyme. The RNA virus thereafter replicates as a part of the host cellular's DNA. Retroviruses are enveloped viruses that belong to the viral circle of relatives Retroviridae. Provirus is an epidemic genome which can combine into DNA of host cell. In inactive viral infections the virus will now not reflect itself however thru replication of its host cellular. This nation can ultimate over many host mobile generations.

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Question 24. Explain Pathogens. Name Some Types Of Pathogens?

Answer :

Pathogens are those organism which feeds on other organism for his or her meals. Pathogens may be transported thru many specific routes, together with airborne, direct or oblique touch, sexual touch, via blood, breast milk, or other body fluids, and via the fecal-oral direction. Pathogens may be used to suppress pest population. Different varieties of pathogens are viral, bacterial, fungal and so forth.

Quality Control Interview Questions
Question 25. What Is Blood Brain Barrier?

Answer :

Blood brain barrier is precipitated in relevant worried device, when blood flow is separated from the mind greater cellular fluid (BECF). This phenomenon occurs along all capillaries. It consists of tight junctions across the capillaries that don't exist in normal flow. Cells of the barrier actively shipping metabolic products consisting of glucose throughout the barrier with unique proteins. This barrier additionally includes astrocytic stop toes and also consists of a thick basement membrane.

Question 26. Milk Can Be Easily Affected By Which Bacteria?

Answer :

Milk can be processed with lactoBacillus

Question 27. What Is The Difference Between Gram Positive & Gram Negative Bacteria Based On Cell Content?

Answer :

the cell membrane is made if extra of lipoproteins in gram -ve as compared to gram +ve

Biotechnology Interview Questions
Question 28. What Is The Mechanism Of Elisa?

Answer :

ELISA stands for enzyme related immunodiffusion assays. It works on precept of antigen antibody reaction.

Question 29. What Is The Difference Between B.E. Biomedical Engineering And B.Tech Biotechnology?

Answer :

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING DEALS WITH THE ALL KIND OF INSTRUMENTS USED IN THE HOSPITALS LIKE MRI,CT SCAN ,PACEMAKERS ETC...... THE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS WILL BE APONINTED TO DESIGN & TO DO SERVICING FOR THE INSTRUMENTS

Question 30. The Total Population Of A Village Is 5000. The Number Of Males And Females Increases By 10% And 15% Respectively And Consequently The Population Of The Village Becomes 5600. What Was The Number Of Males In The Village?

Answer :

permit x=no of fellows y=ladies
x+y=5000
1.1x+1.15y=5600 therefore by using solving we get x=3000&y=2000

Question 31. What Is Biological Neuron?

Answer :

A biological neuron version (additionally known as spiking neuron model) is a mathematical description of the properties of nerve cells, or neurons, this is designed to as it should be describe and predict biological procedures it is the education of neurons using ANN

Question 32. What Is The Lifespan Of An Rccs (rotary Cell Culture System) Device?

Answer :

The RCCS is the tool that successfully creates an surroundings that allow extremely fragile cellular cultures and co-cultures of human and animal mobile to grow into complex

Question 33. Why Ms In Biomedical Engineering?

Answer :

Better opportunities within the work area with greater in depth information of the field one is fascinated to pursue and retain to paintings.

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