Echo Command in Linux with Examples
The reverberation order is one of the most fundamental and every now and again utilized orders in Linux. The contentions passed to repeat are printed to the standard yield.
reverberation is usually utilized in shell contents to show a message or yield the consequences of different orders.
echo Command
reverberation is a shell builtin in Bash and a large portion of the other mainstream shells like Zsh and Ksh. Its conduct is marginally unique in relation to shell to shell.
There is additionally an independent/usr/canister/reverberation utility, yet generally, the shell worked in variant will come first. We will cover the Bash builtin adaptation of reverberation.
The linguistic structure for the reverberation order is as per the following:
echo [-neE] [ARGUMENTS]
When the - n alternative is utilized, the following newline is smothered.
On the off chance that the - e alternative is given, the accompanying oblique punctuation line got away from characters will be deciphered:
- \\ - Displays an oblique punctuation line character.
- \a - Alert (BEL)
- \b - Displays a delete character.
- \c - Suppress any additionally yield
- \e - Displays a departure character.
- \f - Displays a structure feed character.
- \n - Displays another line.
- \r - Displays a carriage return.
- \t - Displays an even tab.
- \v - Displays a vertical tab.
The - E choice debilitates the understanding of the departure characters. This is the default.
There are a couple of focuses to consider when utilizing the reverberation order.
The shell will substitute all factors, trump card coordinating, and extraordinary characters prior to passing the contentions to the reverberation order.
Albeit redundant, it is a decent programming practice to encase the contentions passed to repeat in twofold or single statements.
When utilizing single statements '' the strict estimation of each character encased inside the statements will be protected. Factors and orders won't be extended.
echo Examples
The accompanying models tell the best way to utilize the reverberation order:
Show a line of text on standard yield.
echo Hello, World!
Hello, World!
Show a line of text containing a twofold statement.
To print a twofold statement, wall it in inside single statements or departure it with the oblique punctuation line character.
echo 'Hello "Linuxize"'
echo "Hello \"Linuxize\""
Hello "Linuxize"
Show a line of text containing a solitary statement.
To print a solitary statement, wall it in inside twofold statements or utilize the ANSI-C Quoting .
echo "I'm a Linux user."
echo $'I\'m a Linux user.'
I'm a Linux user.
Show a message containing uncommon characters.
Utilize the - e choice to empower the understanding of the break characters.
echo -e "You know nothing, Jon Snow.\n\t- Ygritte"
You know nothing, Jon Snow.
- Ygritte
Example coordinating characters.
The reverberation order can be utilized with design coordinating characters, for example, the special case characters. For instance, the order underneath will restore the names of all the .php documents in the current catalog.
echo The PHP files are: *.php
The PHP files are: index.php contact.php functions.php
Redirect to a file
Rather than showing the yield on the screen, you can divert it to a document utilizing the >, >> administrators.
echo -e 'The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.\nSocrates' >> /tmp/file.txt
On the off chance that the file.txt doesn't exist, the order will make it. When utilizing > the record will be overwritten, while the >> will annex the yield to the document .
Utilize the feline order to see the substance of the document:
cat /tmp/file.txt
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
Socrates
Socrates
Showing factors
reverberation can likewise show factors. In the accompanying model, we'll print the name of the right now signed in client:
echo $USER
linuxize
$USER is a shell variable that holds your username.
Showing yield of an order
Utilize the $(command) articulation to incorporate the order yield in the reverberation's contention. The accompanying order will show the current date :
echo "The date is: $(date +%D)"
The date is: 04/17/19
Showing in shading
Use ANSI get away from arrangements to change the frontal area and foundation tones or set content properties like underscore and intense.
echo -e "\033[1;37mWHITE"
echo -e "\033[0;30mBLACK"
echo -e "\033[0;34mBLUE"
echo -e "\033[0;32mGREEN"
echo -e "\033[0;36mCYAN"
echo -e "\033[0;31mRED"
echo -e "\033[0;35mPURPLE"
echo -e "\033[0;33mYELLOW"
echo -e "\033[1;30mGRAY"
Conclusion
At this point, you ought to have a decent comprehension of how the reverberation order functions.
On the off chance that you have any inquiries or input, don't hesitate to leave a remark.
