Top 100+ Igate Technical Interview Questions And Answers
Question 1. What Is An Interface?
Answer :
An interface isn't a category however an item with a fixed of methods. The method interior an interface has handiest approach definitions with out ant frame. An interface is used to put into effect multiple inheritance in code. This characteristic of an interface is pretty specific from that of summary training because a class can't derive the functions of multiple class but can easily put in force more than one interfaces. Variables in interface have to be declared as public, static, and final whilst strategies ought to be public and summary.
Question 2. What Are Abstract Classes? What Are The Distinct Characteristics Of An Abstract Class?
Answer :
An summary class is a class that can't be instantiated and is constantly used as a base class. We can't instantiate an summary class without delay. This means that we can not create an item of the summary magnificence; it ought to be inherited. We can have abstract in addition to non-summary members in an summary elegance. We need to declare at least one abstract technique in the abstract class. An abstract elegance is continually public. An summary class is asserted the usage of the abstract key-word. The primary reason of an abstract class is to offer a not unusual definition of the bottom magnificence that multiple derived classes can percentage.
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Question three. What Is The Difference Between Abstract Class And Interface?
Answer :
An Interface includes Methods with best signatures and no frame.
An Abstract magnificence consists of approach signatures without or with frame.
A magnificence can put into effect numerous interfaces inner it.A elegance can inherit from a unmarried Abstract magnificence.
By default, interface has public get admission to modifiers.It cannot use every other get admission to modifiers. An Abstract elegance will have any get admission to modifiers.
No variables and constants can be described in a category.An abstract elegance could have variables and constants.
Question 4. What Different Type Of Connection Architecture We Have In Asp.Internet?
Answer :
There forms of connection in Ado.Net.They are connected Architecture and disconnected structure:
In connected structure, we do not ought to open and close the connection manually. A statistics-reader is used in connected architecture to read the records from the database row by row. This reduces the performance efficiency as we need to on every occasion hit the server every time and the visitors for the server also increases.
In disconnected architecture, we must manually open and close the relationship. A information-set or records-desk is used in disconnected structure to examine the records from the database at a time and shop it in reminiscence.
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Question 5. Can You Allow A Class To Be Inherited, But Prevent A Method From Being Overridden In C#?
Answer :
Yes. Just declare the magnificence public and make the method sealed.
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Question 6. What Is A View State?
Answer :
View State is one of the state control methods used to hold the page and it's control values among post backs. It Store the values of page or manage homes that you define. One bit of nation that does not need to be continued across submit-backs is the manage's properties designated within the declarative syntax, seeing that they're robotically reinstated in the web page's instantiate level. View State is a client side kingdom management.
Question 7. Difference Between Session And View State?
Answer :
Session is greater at ease than View State as it's miles stored in server side memory and creates a unique consultation identification for each consultation.
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Question 8. Difference Between Dispose And Finalize Methods In C#?
Answer :
Finalize technique is implicitly called by means of GarbageCollector to delete the item if it's far not in use whereas Dispose approach is explicitly referred to as inner a class via IDisposible interface to forcefully remove the item and its references.
Question 9. What Are The Differences Between Value Type And Reference Type?
Answer :
Value type contain variable and reference kind does no longer containing any direct price.
Memory is allocated in managed heap in reference type and in cost type reminiscence allocated in stack.
Example for Reference type –magnificence, for cost kind-struct, enumeration
SAP ABAP Interview Questions
Question 10. What Is A Delegate?
Answer :
Delegate is an item that holds the connection with strategies in c#. It is equal as a feature pointer in C.
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Question 11. What Is An Assembly?
Answer :
An meeting exists as a .DLL or .EXE that consists of MSIL code that is completed via CLR. An meeting incorporates interface and lessons, it could also contain different resources like bitmaps, files and so forth. It incorporates model information which can be used by the CLR in the course of execution. Two assemblies of the equal name however with distinctive variations can run facet-through-facet allowing applications that rely on a selected model to apply assembly of that version.
Oracle 11g Interview Questions
Question 12. What Is Difference Between Custom Control And User Control?
Answer :
A custom manage is a loosely coupled manage which can be used across numerous applications.
We want to handiest encompass its reference (.Dll) to the mission and it is able to be brought on your toolbox.You can also maintain it internal a class library.
Main difference among User Controls and Custom Controls are:
UC is particular on your application however CC may be used throughout numerous programs.
2. CC can be brought in your utility toolbox but UC cannot be introduced to the toolbox.
CC defines UI in a Resource Dictionary whereas UC defines UI as a normal xaml page.
To create a UC just add a brand new webform and upload its connection with your web page by affirming @Register directive. But to create a CC we need to add then folder of the "wwwRoot" directory.Assemblies "System.Web.UI.Control" or "System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebControl". After the CC is created we want to feature the dll into the bi
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Question 13. What Do You Mean By Postback In Asp.Internet?
Answer :
A postback is a request sent from a client to server from the equal page consumer is already operating with. When we refresh our web page or we submit a few web page, then the information of the modern-day web page is send back to the server.
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Question 14. What Are Different State Management Methods?
Answer :
Client-aspect country management: This maintains facts on the consumer's device the usage of Cookies, View State, and Query Strings.
Cookies: A cookie is a small textual content record on the customer system either within the purchaser's report machine or memory of customer browser consultation. Cookies are not top for sensitive data. Moreover, Cookies may be disabled on the browser. Thus, you can't depend on cookies for kingdom control.
View State: Each web page and each manipulate at the web page has View State property. This property permits computerized retention of web page and controls country among each experience to server. This means manipulate fee is maintained between page postbacks. Viewstate is implemented the use of _VIEWSTATE, a hidden shape area which receives created routinely on each web page. You cannot transmit information to different web page the usage of view kingdom.
Querystring: Query strings can maintain confined nation facts. Data may be handed from one page to another with the URL however you could ship restricted size of facts with the URL. Most browsers allow a limit of 255 characters on URL duration.
Server-facet country control: This sort of mechanism retains nation in the server.
Application State: The information stored in the application object may be shared by all of the classes of the software. Application object shops data inside the key price pair.
Session State: Session State shops consultation-precise information and the data is seen inside the consultation most effective. ASP.NET creates unique sessionId for each session of the utility. SessionIDs are maintained both by way of an HTTP cookie or a changed URL, as set inside the utility's configuration settings. By default, SessionID values are stored in a cookie.
Database: Database may be used to shop big state statistics. Database help is utilized in combination with cookies or session nation.
Question 15. Explain An Interface In Java Language ?
Answer :
Interface in Java is a way to gain the abstraction. An Interface is sort of a magnificence and can also have methods and variable as a category does but Interface best contains approach signature and does no longer have a frame.
An Interface can not be instantiated in Java
An Interface consists of techniques which can be public and summary (with the aid of default).
A magnificence can put into effect an interface.
For putting forward an interface, we use the keyword interface.
Syntax:
1. Interface Interface_Name
2. //Methods
3.
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Question 16. How Can We Create An Interface In Java ?
Answer :
To create an interface in Java, we are able to use the key-word "interface" accompanied by means of the interface name.
Example
interface Employee
int empid = 23;
String empname="John";
We can implement an interface in a class by means of using keyword "put in force" and may use summary strategies.
Question 17. What Is Immutable Class And How To Create An Immutable Class In Java ?
Answer :
An immutable elegance is one wherein as soon as an object is created, then we can't alter the values, or we can not change its content material. As in Java, we've got wrapper instructions like String, Boolean, Integer, etc., these kinds of instructions are immutable instructions, and we can also create an immutable elegance with the aid of personal.
Following are a few requirement to create an immutable magnificence in Java:
A magnificence wishes to declare as final so that it can't be inherited.
All the information members of the class want to declare as final so its fee cannot be modified.
No choice for setters approach.
There ought to be getter strategies for all variables.
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Question 18. "string Class Is Immutable", Explain The Reason ?
Answer :
String magnificence is immutable in Java that means we're not able to trade its price. It is due to the fact a String item is always cached within the String pool, and those swimming pools may be shared among various customers. So there'll always a risk that if we exchange in customer's string it's going to mechanically have an effect on all of the customer's movement. So each time when we attempt to change the String cost, it's going to create a brand new object
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Question 19. What Do You Understand By Encapsulation, Inheritance, And Abstraction In Java ?
Answer :
The term encapsulation, Inheritance, and abstraction are the features of object-orientated programming. These capabilities offer the ability to address the gadgets.
Encapsulation: Encapsulation is one of the number one functions of OOPs idea. The technique of binding the statistics and techniques in a single unit is known as as encapsulation.
With the assist of encapsulation, we are able to hide the statistics participants from other classes, and it is handiest on hand by way of its cutting-edge magnificence.
There are two ways to gain encapsulation:
Modify the magnificence variable as personal.
Using public Setter and getter approach to set and get the values.
Inheritance: - Inheritance in Java is a process by means of which on class can inherit the properties (strategies and fields) of some other magnificence. It will increase the reusability of strategies and fields. We can use inherited strategies and can also upload new techniques. Inheritance shows parent-infant courting additionally referred to as IS-A courting.
There are the following terms used in inheritance:
Child elegance/Subclass: Child elegance or sub-magnificence is person who inherits the other elegance.
Superclass/ Parent elegance: Superclass or Parent elegance is on which were given inherited by using another magnificence. It is also referred to as base magnificence. For inheriting one magnificence, into another elegance we use extends keyword in Java.
Syntax for inheritance:
1. Elegance A extends B
2.
3. //methods and fields
four.
Where elegance A is infant class, and sophistication B is Parent magnificence.
Abstraction: Abstraction is a one of the critical Feature of OOPs idea, which helps a consumer to expose handiest the capability no longer the implementation details of the object. In Java languages we will gain abstraction in ways:
By the usage of the summary magnificence (0 to a hundred%): A class which is declared the use of 'summary' key-word is considered as an abstract elegance. An abstract magnificence may have an summary technique as well as non-summary strategies.
Syntax:
1.Abstract elegance A
By the usage of interface (a hundred%): An interface in Java is the same as a class in java, it may have abstract strategies and variables. But it cannot have a method body. We are able to claim it by means of the usage of the interface keyword
Syntax:
1.Interface Interface_Name
2.//Methods
Question 20. What Is Normalization ? Explain Its Types ?
Answer :
Normalization is a technique of efficient database designing and organizing to obtain fundamental necessities:
Minimum redundancy of records
Logical facts integrity.
Normalization increases the overall performance of the database, as it lets in a database to take very less area in reminiscence.
There are specially 4 styles of Normalization, that are given underneath:
1NF: A relation within the table be in first ordinary shape if every characteristic is single price attribute
2NF
3NF
BCNF
TCS Technical Interview Questions
Question 21. Can We Check Whether A Link List Is Circular Or Not ?
Answer :
Yes, we are able to take a look at that a given link-listing is round or not. A hyperlink-list might be a circular link-listing if it follows the 2 main requirements:
If a hyperlink list isn't always null terminated( it points to the primary node)
If all nodes are connected in the shape of cycle.
Question 22. What Does Itoa() Function In C ?
Answer :
The itoa() characteristic in C language used to convert an integer fee to its equal null-terminated String. It shops the bring about an array.
Syntax:
1.Char * itoa ( int cost, char * str, int base );
Parameters:
cost: A cost which desires to be converted
str: A parameter which shops the transformed price as an array
base: It represents the numerical price, which is used to provide the conversion base, as base 2 for binary, base 10 for decimal.
Question 23. How Can Determine The Size Of The Class ?
Answer :
The size of a class relies upon on the scale of its individuals. There are the subsequent elements which determine the scale of a class:
Size of all non-static members of the magnificence
Size of its on the spot discern magnificence(if have)
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Question 24. What Do You Understand By Aggregation? How It Differs With The Association ?
Answer :
In UML (Unified Modeling Language) there are various types of relationships for the item-oriented machine. Association and Aggregation also are a form of relationship in UML.
Aggregation: Aggregation is a selected form of affiliation between two or more items. In Aggregation, items may have their lifecycle with ownership. It is a one-directional association. If we wreck one item, it'll no longer have an effect on every other one. It is likewise known as as HAS-A dating.
Association: Association is a relation between gadgets with their personal lifetime and without any ownership. An association relationship may be represented through the following kind:
One-to-one
One-to-many
Many-to-many
The aggregation and composition are the part of the affiliation.
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Question 25. What Do You Understand By Pre-processor? What Are Different Types Of Header Files In C ?
Answer :
The C pre-processor is used to test and regulate a source code before its compilation. The line starting with the image # accompanied with the aid of the directive call, in the supply code, is known as pre-processor directive. Pre-processor directive invoked by the compiler to method a few code before the compilation procedure.
Each line in code could have a unmarried pre-processor directive
Pre-processor directive does now not consist of a semicolon on the end.
Header documents are the files which comprise macro definitions and capabilities definition. It used with pre-processor directives with a file extension of ".H."
There are styles of header documents in C:
System header documents: These header files come with the compiler
User-created header documents: These files are written by the programmer.
Following are a few specifically used header files in C
#include<stdio.H>
#encompass<conio.H>
#consist of<stdlib.H>
#consist of<string.H>
#encompass<math.H>, and many more.
Question 26. What Are Some Dbms Packages ?
Answer :
There are a few integrated DBMS packages provided by Oracle. With the help of Oracle DBMS programs, we will create numerous Oracle applications.
Following are a few simple packages provided by way of Oracle:
Oracle dbms_alert
Oracle dbms_application_info
Oracle dbms_aqadm
Oracle dbms_crypto
Oracle dbms_fga
Oracle dbms_job
Oracle dbms_job.Put up
Oracle dbms_lob
Oracle dbms_metadata
Oracle dbms_monitor
Wipro Java Interview Questions
Question 27. What Type Of Operation Can Be Performed Using Stack And Queue In Data Structure ?
Answer :
Organization of facts inside the pc can be finished with the assist of statistics shape in order that facts may be accessed without difficulty and effectively. There are unique sorts of information shape used in pc, and of them are Stack and Queue information Structure.
Stack: A stack is a kind of linear-facts shape, which logically represents and set up the records in the shape of a stack. As a actual-lifestyles example of a stack is "plates arranged in the shape of the stack." In a stack shape, any operation can be performed on statistics items from one quit best.
A Stack shape follows a selected order for operation on statistics objects, and that order may be LIFO (Last in First Out) or FILO (First in Last Out). A stack can be represented in the shape of an array.
Types of Operations achieved on Stack:
1. Push: Push is an operation that can be performed, to feature an element inside the stack.
As inside the above diagram, the pinnacle element was ninety three (before addition of a new detail), and after appearing PUSH operation, a top detail is 10. Now pointer will point at the top of the stack.
2. Pop: If we try to take away or delete an element from the Stack, then it's miles known as as Pop operation.
As within the above diagram, if we need to delete an element from the top of the Stack, then it could be accomplished through the Pop operation.
Three. IsEmpty: If we wanted to test whether the stack is empty or now not, then we can carry out an isEmpty operation. It will return 3 values: If we will perform a Pop operation on empty Stack, then it's far known as underflow condition.
Empty -1
Single detail gift zero
Stack is full N-1
Stack overflow N
4. Peek or Top: If we carry out Peek operation it checks all of the factors of the stack and returns the top element.
Queue: A Queue is an ordered series of facts factors same as a stack, but it enables insertion operation from one cease known as as REAR end and deletion operation from different quit known as as a FRONT cease.
A Queue structure follows an order of FIFO (First in First Out) for insertion and deletion of the facts detail.
Real lifestyles example of a queue is humans waiting to shop for a movie ticket in a line.
Types of Operations achieved on Stack: The predominant operations which may be performed
On Stack are Enqueue and Dequeue.
Enqueue:
This operation is finished to feature an element in the queue on the rear end. After including an element in a queue, the count of Rear pointer extended by using 1. Below is the Array illustration of queue with Enqueue operation.
Dequeue:
This operation is achieved to get rid of an element from the queue at the the front quit. After putting off an element from the queue, the depend of Front pointer gets decremented via 1. Below is the diagram which shows the removal of the information element from a queue.
Other operations completed on the queue are:
Peek: This operation is used to get all of the statistics elements of queue with out deletion of an detail, at the the front cease.
Isfull: This operation is executed to test whether or not a queue is full or no longer.
Isempty: This operation is performed to test whether or not a queue is empty or no longer.
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Question 28. What Is A Linked List? Explain Its Applications ?
Answer :
A Linked list is a linear information structure just like an array, that's used to store the statistics in an organized manner.
In Linked listing data factors are not stored in contiguous blocks.
Applications of the Linked list:
A connected listing may be used for implementations of stacks and queues.
Implementation of graphs may be finished the use of the related listing
A related listing may be used for dynamic reminiscence allocation
A connected list may be used for implementation of graph
It may be used for appearing arithmetic operations on lengthy integers.
A linked listing can be used with the track participant for gambling the songs.
Question 29. How C++ Is More Advantageous As Compared To C ?
Answer :
C and C++ both are the laptop programming languages. Both the languages enable us to write down green code. As C++ is a sophisticated model of C language, therefore it has some greater functions than C languages.
The foremost benefits of C++ over the C language are given underneath:
As C++ is an object-oriented language, consequently aid the feature overloading, whereas C language does not assist characteristic overloading.
C++ offers the belongings of facts hiding, whereas C does now not provide this feature
C++ supports exception dealing with, while C does not assist the exception managing idea
C++ offers a idea of lessons and items, wherein C language there's no such idea.
Infosys Technical Interview Questions
Question 30. Which Is The Smallest Package In Java Api ?
Answer :
The smallest bundle in Java API is java. Applet package deal.
Question 31. Write A Program To Swap Two Given Strings Without Using Any Third Variable ?
Answer :
Following is a software for swapping two strings with out using the 1/3 variable in Java
1. Public magnificence Swap
2. Public static void main(String args[])
three. String a = "Hello";
four. String b = "world";
5. System.Out.Println("Before switch: " + a + " " + b);
6. A=a+b;
7. B = a.Substring(zero, a.Length() - b.Duration());
eight. A = a.Substring(b.Duration());
9. System.Out.Println("After swap: " + a + " " + b);
10.
Output:
Before switch: Hello global
After switch: global Hello
Question 32. What Is Data Abstraction In A Database System ?
Answer :
Data abstraction:
Data abstraction is a method to hide the inappropriate inner info of records from the consumer. It makes an easier person interplay with the database. This technique creates an less difficult way of database designing.
There are three stages of information abstraction:
1. Physical degree
Physical stage is the bottom level of information abstraction
It offers information that how statistics stored sincerely within the database
Give information to a developer about memory length, requirements, and having access to frequency of document.
This stage uses the company techniques such as hashing, sequential, B+ tree, and so forth.
2. Logical stage
Logical stage is the intermediate level for information abstraction
It describes what kind of records is saved in the shape of tables.
It also relates the information and tables with the help of mapping.
Any form of adjustments does not have an effect on other ranges
3. View degree
View level is the highest stage of statistics abstraction.
At this stage, a person can view the part of the actual database
A user can examine the facts in the shape of rows and column.
In this degree, a person can interact with the database in an simpler manner
A User can see the data in diverse views for the identical database.
Basic C Interview Questions
Question 33. Write A Program To Find The Factorial Of A Number ?
Answer :
Following is a program for factorial of a number the usage of Recursion in Java.
1. Public elegance Factoria
2. 3. Static int show(int n)
four. If (n == 0)
5. Go back 1;
6. Else
7. Return(n * display(n-1));
eight.
9. Public static void main(String args[])
10. Int i, truth=1;
11. Int variety=five;//It is the number to calculate factorial
12. Truth = show(quantity);
13. System.Out.Println("Factorial of "+wide variety+" is: "+reality);
14.
15.
Output:
Factorial of five is: one hundred twenty
Oracle 11g Interview Questions
Question 34. Explain About Daemon Thread ?
Answer :
Daemon threads are the low priority thread for JVM. Which work as a service company for the user threads.
Daemon threads are background packages, which carry out duties such as rubbish series.
Daemon threads can not prevent JVM from exiting if all user thread has finished their execution.
If the program has best daemon thread and it's miles executing, still it will terminate the thread and could shut down itself.
The lifetime of daemon thread definitely depends on consumer threads.
Methods for daemon thread:
1.Public void setDaemon(boolean popularity): This technique units the present day thread as user thread or daemon thread.
2.Boolean isDaemon(): This technique exams whether or not the cutting-edge thread is daemon or now not. It returns the genuine or fake Boolean price.
Question 35. What Do You Understand By A Foreign Key In Sql?
Answer :
A foreign key is a field in a table, used to create a link among tables. It described in a single table but confer with the primary key of every other table. A desk which includes the overseas secret is referred to as the child table. And the desk which incorporates the candidate key is referred to as as parent desk.
Some vital points for foreign key:
A cost for a overseas key may be NULL.
All values for overseas key must be gift for all equivalent values of a primary key.
Question 36. What Do You Understand By Serialization ?
Answer :
Serialization in Java is a system of changing the kingdom of an item right into a byte movement that may be despatched throughout a network, or it may be stored as a file.
The reverse technique is known as as deserialization which means changing a byte stream into an item.
The byte circulate inside the technique is platform impartial or JVM unbiased.
We can use java.Io.Serializable interface to create an object serializable. This interface is a marker interface, which does no longer incorporate any information member or technique.
The training ObjectInputStream and ObjectOutputStream implement serialization in Java.
Basic Programming Interview Questions
Question 37. Why We Use Garbage Collection In Java ?
Answer :
Whenever we create an object, it occupies a few area in reminiscence. And once it completes its assignment, we need to delete this object to free the memory, so that it is able to be utilized by another object. For this motive, we've got used rubbish series in Java.
Garbage series in Java is a procedure that's used for computerized reminiscence management.
It destroys or deletes the unused gadgets from the heap place of the reminiscence.
We do no longer use any explicit technique or characteristic in Java for garbage series as it's far automatically completed via JVM.
Question 38. Differentiate Between Static And Non-static Variables ?
Answer :
In the Java language, we will use styles of variables which can be static variable and non-static variable.
The primary differences between each the variables are given under:
Static Variable Non- static Variable(example variable)
To specify a static variable we want to apply keyword static with the variable call To specify a non-static variable we do now not need to use any keyword, we can in reality supply a variable name
Static variable belongs to its magnificence, now not the instance Non-static variable belongs to the example of the elegance.
Memory is allocated to the static variable, on the time of loading of the magnificence .Memory is allocated to non-static variable each time we create a new object.
We can get entry to the static variable with class reference We can get entry to the non-static variable with an object reference
A static variable can be shared between all of the instances of class.A non-static variable can be used for a unmarried instance.
Question 39. What Do You Understand By Value Type And Reference Type In .Internet Framework ?
Answer :
In the .NET framework, the Types are of either Value kind or reference kind relying on, how they saved the value.
1. Value type: if the data-type stores the price into its very own memory space, it's miles known as as a Value kind. In cost kind, we will at once offer the values to the variable. Datatypes including int, char, drift, double, enum, struct, and so forth., are of price kind.
2. Reference kind: Reference type does not shop fee at once in the variable. It stores a pointer to any other memory area, which stores the facts. As reference type stores the cope with of the facts, no longer actual data, so if we alternate in an address it'll create another reproduction for the reference if you want to point to the equal statistics. Example are gadgets, array, Classes, Interfaces, and many others.
