Interview Questions.

Question 1. What Is Ant?

Answer :

Ant is an open source code .It is Java-primarily based construct device backed with the aid of Apache Software Foundation. It is a program for putting all the portions of a program together. A simple definition would possibly nation that “Ant is a Java-primarily based construct device from Apache Software Foundation”. Ant is sort of like Make.

Question 2. Why Do You Call It Ant?

Answer :

The ant is acronym of ”Another Neat Tool” consistent with James Duncan Davidson. Ants are very small and can bring heavy weight. So as Job of Apache ant. Its name is referred to as ANT.

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Question 3. What Is A Build Tool?

Answer :

A constructed tool is software that is used to construct challenge, listing structure, copy essential documents to that listing ,assemble files ,create jars, set path and sophistication-path ,Build the documentation ,Validate the source code, deploy, debug, and run, clear the workspace.

Question four. Explain The Concepts Of Ant?

Answer :

Ant is a construct tool this is java primarily based. A build tool plays the subsequent responsibilities:

Open: Ant is an open source mission to be had beneath the Apache license. Therefore, its supply code can be downloaded and changed.

Additionally, Ant makes use of XML construct files which make its development smooth.

Cross Platform: Use of XML in conjunction with Java makes Ant makes it the suitable answer for growing programs designed to run or be constructed across a range of different working structures.

Extensible: New duties are used to extend the abilties of the construct system, while construct listeners are used to assist hook into the construct process to add greater error monitoring functionality.

Integration: As Ant is extensible and open, it could be integrated with any editor or improvement surroundings effortlessly.

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Question five. What Are The Capabilities Of Ant?

Answer :

ANT tool is prolonged by means of the use of java training. The configuration documents are XML-based. Each mission of building directory tree is performed with the aid of the usage of the item that implements the Task interface.

ANT gives the move-platform deployment which could run on any platform.

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Question 6. Why Ant Is A Great Build Tool?

Answer :

Ant is extraordinary build device because of following reason:

Ant is a Java-primarily based construct tool designed to be move-platform, easy to use, extensible, and scalable.
Ant may be utilized in a small private undertaking in addition to ant can be utilized in a big, multi-group software program undertaking.
Ant syntax may be very smooth to study.
Ant syntax used XML format .We need only specifies our project handiest on construct.Xml file.
Ant is straightforward to use .Getting rid of the overall-time make report engineer not unusual on big Make-based software program initiatives.
Question 7. How Many Ways We Can Set Properties Into Build Ant File?

Answer :

There are six approaches to set houses:

Supplying both the call and cost attribute.<property name=”src.Dir” value=”src”/>
Supplying each the call and refid characteristic.
Setting the report characteristic with the filename of the assets document to load.
Setting the url attribute with the url from which to load the homes.
Setting the resource characteristic with the resource call of the property document to load.
Setting the surroundings characteristic with a prefix to use.
We can use the mixtures of all above in our build documents .But handiest one need to be used at a time.

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Question 8. How You Can Explain Ant Property?

Answer :

A mission will have a fixed of properties .A belongings has call and cost .The call is case touchy and Properties are immutable this mean as soon as set property its will not trade. Properties may be used inside the fee of assignment attributes.

Question 9. What Is Dependency? How It Is Used Into Ant? What Is Its Use?

Answer :

Dependencies are do some thing while whole it. In ant we are the usage of dependencies with the aid of the usage of an attribute “relies upon” .In this attribute we've pass values for which the target depends .This mean we first want to execute the target which is handed into this attribute.

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Question 10. How We Can Create A Jar Using Ant?

Answer :

To make a jar of training we want set goal as jar. In this goal we need to make directory in which jar will saved. Then we need jar tag to make the jar .In this tag we've got pass  attributes first is name of destination listing and 2nd one is the call of base directory in which our all magnificence files are stored .We want a occur to create a jar document. In occur tag we have pass two attributes first is name of take place report call and 2nd is its cost.

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Question eleven. How You Can Prepare A Project In Ant?

Answer :

We can put together a mission through creating a build.Xml as a construct file and using following tag. Inside this tag we have defined widespread goals (which includes construct, smooth etc), etc.

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Question 12. What Is Different Between Ant And Make?

Answer :

The maximum important distinction between Ant and Make is that Ant uses XML to explain the build method and its dependencies, while Make makes use of its Makefile format. By default the ant XML report is called construct.Xml.

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Question thirteen. What Is Ivy?

Answer :

Ivy is a famous dependency manager .IVY is largely targeted on flexibility and ease.

The latest model of Ivy is two.1.Zero.

Key functions of the two.1.Zero release are

The Key functions of Ivy is superior Maven2 compatibility, with several malicious program fixes and greater pom capabilities blanketed.
New alternatives for the Ivy Ant tasks and commandline
configuration intersections and configuration organizations
severa computer virus fixes & enhancements as documented in Jira and inside the launch notes
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Question 14. How We Can Set Path Path And Classpath Into An Ant Build File?

Answer :

Ant does now not want to set elegance course.

Question 15. Explain Ant Functionality?

Answer :

Ant is an open supply project to be had under the Apache license. Therefore, its supply code may be downloaded and changed. 
Additionally, Ant uses XML build documents which make its improvement smooth.
Cross Platform.
Use of XML at the side of Java makes Ant makes it the right answer for developing packages designed to run or be constructed throughout a range of various running systems.
Extensible.
New obligations are used to increase the capabilities of the build system, even as construct listeners are used to help hook into the construct system to feature extra error tracking capability.
As Ant is extensible and open, it can be integrated with any editor or development surroundings without problems.
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Question sixteen. Explain Using Ant And Give An Small Example?

Answer :

Before begin the usage of ANT, we should be clean approximately the venture name and the .Java documents and most importantly, the course wherein the .Class files are to be positioned.

For example, we want the utility HelloWorld to be used with ant. The Java source files are in a subdirectory known as Dirhelloworld, and the .Class documents are to place right into a sub listing called Helloworldclassfiles.

1. The construct file with the aid of call construct.Xml is to be written. The script is as follows

<project name=”HelloWorld” default=”compiler” basedir=”.”> 
<target name=”compiler”> 
<mkdir dir = “Helloworldclassfiles”> 
<javac srcdir=”Dirhelloworld” destdir=”Helloworldclassfiles”> 
</target> 
</project>

2. Now run the ant script to carry out the compilation:

C :> ant 
Buildfile: build.Xml

and spot the results in the greater documents and directory created:

c:>dir Dirhelloworld 
c:>dir Helloworldclassfiles

All the .Java documents are in Dirhelloworld directory and all the corresponding .Elegance are in Helloworldclassfiles listing.

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Question 17. Explain How To Import .Jar Files?

Answer :

<path id="classpath.Base">
<pathelement location="$glassfish.Home/lib/javaee.Jar" />
<fileset dir="$lib.Dir">
<include name="log4j-1.2.15.Jar" />
<include name="el-impl-1.0.Jar" />
</fileset>
</path>

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Question 18. Explain How To Use Clean In Ant Script?

Answer :

<target name="clean" depends="-clean" />
<target name="-clean">
<delete dir="$build.Dir/*" />
<delete dir="$build.Dir/classes" />
<delete dir="$build.Dir/test-classes" />
<delete dir="$build.Dir/release" />
<delete file="$build.Dir/*.Jar" />
<delete file="$build.Dir/VERSION.Txt" />
</target>

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Question 19. Explain How To Use Pmd Validation In Ant Script?

Answer :

<target name="validate" depends="-init">
<mkdir dir="$build.Dir/pmd-reports" />
<pmd shortFilenames="true" rulesetfiles="$basedir/.Ruleset">
<formatter type="xml" tofile="$build.Dir/pmd-reports/report.Xml" />
<fileset dir="$src.Dir/main/java/com/" includes="**/*.Java" />
<fileset dir="$src.Dir/test/java" includes="**/*.Java" />
</pmd>
<xslt style="$ant.Home/etc/xslt/pmd-report-per-class.Xslt"
in="$build.Dir/pmd-reports/report.Xml"
out="$build.Dir/pmd-reports/report.Html" />
</target>

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Question 20. Explain How To Compile Using Ant Script?

Answer :

<target name="compile" depends="-init">
<mkdir dir="$build.Dir/classes" />
<javac destdir="$build.Dir/classes" includeantruntime="false" debug="true" optimize="true" verbose="false" deprecation="false" source="1.5" target="1.5">
<classpath refid="classpath.Base" />
<src path="$src.Dir/main/java" />
</javac>
</target>

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Question 21. Explain How To Test Classes For Junit Using Ant Script?

Answer :

<target name="test" depends="-copytestresources, compile">
<mkdir dir="$build.Dir/junit-reports" />
<junit printsummary="false"
fork="on"
haltonfailure="false"
failureproperty="test.Failure">
<classpath refid="classpath.Junit" />
<formatter type="plain" />
<batchtest todir="$build.Dir/junit-reports">
<fileset dir="$build.Dir/test-classes" includes="**/*Test.Class" />
</batchtest>
</junit>
<junitreport tofile="target/junit-reports/TEST.Xml">
<fileset dir="$target/junit-reports" includes="TEST-*.Xml" />
<report format="frames" todir="$target/junit-reports" />
</junitreport>
</target>

Question 22. Explain How To Make Ant User Interactive?

Answer :

The org.Apache.Tools.Ant.Enter.InputHandler interface is used to put in force the person input. To perform the user enter, the software creates InputRequest object and this item will be exceeded to InputHandler. The user enter will be rejected if it's miles invalid.

The InputHandler interface has precisely one method, through call handleInput(InputRequest request). This method throws org.Apache.Tools.Ant.BuildException, if the enter is invalid.

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Question 23. Explain How To Use Ant-contrib Tasks?

Answer :

Copy the ant-contrib.Jar to the listing ant*/lib. Copy ant-contrib.Jar for your ant*/lib listing.
Append the following code snippet to avail all the ant-contrib tasks.
<taskdef resource=”net/sf/antcontrib/antcontrib.Properties”/>

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Question 24. Explain How To Debug My Ant Script?

Answer :

ANT script can be debugged in the following approaches:

By echoing at the vicinity to debug. The hassle is without difficulty known. This is similar to printf() feature in C and System.Out.Println() in Java.
By the usage of task.Log (“message”) in the java script or the customized ant task.
By jogging ANT with –verbose / -debug options. These alternatives offer extra facts on what is the technique going and at which area.
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Question 25. How Can I Use Ant To Run A Java Application?

Answer :

The following is an example to run a Java application in the usage of ANT:

<target name=”run” depends=”some.Target”,some.Other.Target”>
<java classname=”$run.Class” fork=”yes”>
<classpath>
<path refrid = “classpath” />
</classpath>
<jvmarg line=”$debug.Jvmargs”/>
<jvmarg line=”$my.Jvmargs”/> < BR>
<jvmarg line=”$run.Jvmargs”/>
<arg line=”$run.Args”/>
</java>
</target>

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Question 26. Explain How To Use Runtime In Ant?

Answer :

There isn't any need to use Runtime in ant. Because ant has Runtime counterpart by way of call ExecTask. ExecTask is within the bundle org.Apache.Tools.Ant.Taskdefs. The Task is created via using the code within the custom designed ant Task. The code snippet is as follows:

ExecTask execTask = (ExecTask)task.CreateTask (“exec”);

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Question 27. Explain How To Modify Properties In Ant?

Answer :

We can't modify the residences in ant. The residences in ant are immutable in nature.

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