Interview Questions.

Question 1. Define Pam And Write Down Its Drawbacks?

Answer :

Pulse Amplitude Modulation is the procedure with the aid of which the amplitude of the often spaced pulses varies in step with the the amplitude of the modulating sign.

The drawbacks are:

Since the amplitude of the pulses varies therefore the peak electricity of the modulating s/g is lots more.
The bandwidth required for transmitting is more for the reason that amplitude varies.
Question 2. How Can Be Aliasing Be Avoided?

Answer :

Aliasing can be avoided if:

Sampling frequency need to be greater than the frequency of the modulating sign.
The frequency have to be band constrained to maximum frequency of the signal(fm) Htz.
If prealias clear out is used.
Electronic Circuits Interview Questions
Question three. State The Advantages Of Super Heterodyning?

Answer :

The benefits are:

High selectivity and sensitivity.
No change in Bandwidth that is bandwidth stays equal all around the running variety.
High adjoining channel rejection.
Question 4. What Do You Mean By Fm And Classify Fm?

Answer :

Frequency Modulation may be defined as the frequency of the carrier (wc) is various acc. To the modulating sign about an unmodulated frequency.

FM are of two types:

Narrowband FM
Wideband FM
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Question five. What Do You Mean By Nyquist Rate?

Answer :

In case of Nyquist price, the sampling frequency is equal to the maximum frequency of the signal and consequently the successive cycles of the spectrum does not overlap.

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Question 6. What Is Amplitude Modulation?

Answer :

Amplitude Modulation is defined because the technique in which the immediately cost of the amplitude of the service is various consistent with the amplitude of the modulating or base band signal.

Question 7. What Is Modulation? What Happens In Over Modulation?

Answer :

Modulation is defined because the manner in which some traits of the sign called provider is varied in keeping with the modulating or baseband sign. For example – Amplitude Modulation, Phase Modulation, Frequency Modulation.

In case of over modulation, the modulation index is greater than one and envelope distortion happens.

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Question 8. What Is Multiplexing? Name The Types Of Multiplexing?

Answer :

Multiplexing is defined as the technique wherein some of message indicators are combined collectively to form composite alerts so they can be transmitted via the common channel.

The two sorts of multiplexing are:

Frequency Division Multiplexing: In this technique, fixed frequency bands are allotted to every user in the complete channel bandwidth. Such frequency is allotted to user on a non-stop basis.
Time Division Multiplexing: When the pulse is gift for the quick time duration and most of the time their is not any sign gift inbetween them than this free space among the two pulses can occupied by way of the pulses from different channels. This is referred to as Time Division Multiplexing.
Question 9. What Is Sampling? What Is Sampling Theorem?

Answer :

Sampling is described as the procedure wherein an analog signals are transformed into digital indicators. It approach that a continuous time sign is converted right into a discrete time sign.

Sampling Theorem is defined as : ’The continuous time signal that can be represented in its samples and recovered again if the sampling frequency (fs) is extra than the maximum frequency of the sign (fm) this is fs >2fm’.

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Question 10. What Is Under Sampling?

Answer :

Under sampling is also referred to as aliasing impact wherein the the sampling frequency is much less than the most frequency of the sign and therefore the successive cycles of the spectrum overlap.

Question eleven. What Is Modulation?

Answer :

Modulation can be defined as the system by which some parameters of a excessive freuency sign termed as service, is varie in accordance with the signal to be transmitted.

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Question 12. What Are The Different Types Of Analog Modulation?

Answer :

Amplitude modulation
angle modulation.
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Question thirteen. What Si The Need For Modulation?

Answer :

Consider, as an example, image sign of a T.V digicam. It has freuency spectra of DC to five.5MHz.This sort of wide band of freuency can’t be propagated through ionosphere. However, if this signal is modulated with a carrier in VHF and UHF variety, the percentage bandwidth becomes very small and the signal come to be appropriate for transmission thru surroundings.

Question 14. What Are The Objectives Met By Modulation?

Answer :

Length of antenna is shortened, sign loss is decreased, ease of radiation, adjustment of bandwidth, shifting sign freuency of the assigned fee.

Question 15. What Are The Advantage Of Pam And Pwm?

Answer :

PWM gadget offers a greater signal to noise ratio as compared to PAM but reuires a bigger bandwidth to attain this.

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Question 16. What Is Pulse Position Modulation?

Answer :

Pulse function modulation (PPM) is the system wherein the location of a fashionable pulse is numerous as a function of the amplitude of the sampled sign.

Question 17. What Is The Advantage Of Ppm Over Pwm And Pam?

Answer :

The section deviation are normally small. The noise produces a smaller stressful effect on the time position of the modulating pulse train and as a result, PPM waves have a higher overall performance with respect to sign to noise ratio in assessment to PAM and PWM systems.

Digital Signal Processing Interview Questions
Question 18. What Are The Applications Of Pulse Position Modulation?

Answer :

It is frequently useful for optical conversation systems, wherein there tends to be very little multipath interference. Narrowband RF (Radio freuency) channels with low electricity and long wavelength (i.E., low freuency) are affected frequently through flat fading, and PPM is better acceptable.

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Question 19. What Is The Purpose Of Using Differential Pulse Position Modulation?

Answer :

It is viable to restrict the propagation of errors to adjacent symbols, so that an error in measuring the differential put off of 1 pulse will affect only  symbols, instead of effecting all successive measurements.

Question 20. What Are The Advantage Of Ppm?

Answer :

One of the precept advantages of pulse position modulation is that it is an Mary modulation techniue that may be carried out noncoherently, such that the receiver does not want to apply a phaselocked loop (PLL) to track the phase of the provider.

This makes it a appropriate candidate for optical communications structures, where coherent segment modulation and detecting are tough and extraordinarily luxurious. The most effective different commonplace Mary noncoherent modulation techniue is Mary freuency shift keying, that's the freuency domain dual to PPM.

The different benefits of pulse function modulation are:

The amplitude is held consistent accordingly less noise interference.
Signal and noise separation could be very easy.
Due to consistent pulse widths and amplitudes, transmission energy for each pulse is same.
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Question 21. What Are The Application Of Ppm?

Answer :

PPM is hired in narrowband RF channel systems, with the position of every pulse representing the angular position of an analogue control on the transmitter, or possible states of binary transfer. The wide variety of pulse consistent with frame gives the quantity of controllable channels available. The benefit of the use of PPM for this kind of software is that the electronics reuired to decode the signal are extremely easy, which leads to small, lightweight receiver/decoder units. (Model aircraft reuire elements which might be as lightweight as possible).

Question 22. Explain The Principle Of Ppm?

Answer :

The amplitude and the width of the pulse is kept steady on this gadget, even as the location of each pulse, in relation to the position of a recurrent reference pulse is numerous through every instantaneous sampled cost of the modulating wave. This means that the transmitter must ship synchronizing pulses to operate timing circuits in the receiver. The PPM has the advantage of reuiring consistent transmitter energy output, but the disadvantage of relying on transmitterreceiver synchronization.

Question 23. What Is The Puprpose Of Ppm?

Answer :

PPM may be used to transmit analog records, together with continuous speech or information.

Question 24. What Are The Analog Analogies Of Pam, Ppm & Pwm?

Answer :

PAM is much like AM? PPM and PWM is much like attitude modulation.

Microwave and Optical hyperlink Installation Interview Questions
Question 25. What Is Freuency Modulation (fm)?

Answer :

Freuency modulation is the process of varying the freuency of a service wave in percentage to the immediate amplitude of the modulating signal with none version inside the amplitude of the carrier wave.

Question 26. What Is Pwm Or Pulse Length Modulation Or Pilse Duration Modulation?

Answer :

In PWM, the pulse amplitude is stored regular but the main edge, trailing facet or both may be varied as a characteristic of the amplitude of the sampled signal and care have to be taken to ensure that the heartbeat don’t overlap in a TDM device.

Question 27. What Are The Disadvantages Of Pwm?

Answer :

PWM, in wellknown, reuires a extra average electricity than PAM systems. Also, the PWM device reuires a extra bandwidth than PAM.

Analogue electronics Interview Questions
Question 28. Explain The Principle Of Pwm?

Answer :

Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) of a sign or power source involves the modulation of its responsibility cycle, to either convey information over a verbal exchange channel or control the quantity of power despatched to a load. PWM makes use of a suare wave whose pulse width is modulated ensuing inside the variation of the average price of the waveform is immediately dependent on the responsibility cycle D.

Question 29. Mention The Applications Of Pwm?

Answer :

PWM may be used to lessen the overall quantity of energy brought to a load with out losses typically incurred when a energy supply is constrained via resistive way. This is due to the fact the average power added is proportional to the modulation duty cycle. With a sufficiently excessive modulation charge, passive digital filters can be used to smooth the heartbeat teach and recover an average analog waveform.